The Millionaire Quiz Print
Thursday, 25th September 2008 (by J.D.)This article is about Basics, Odds and Ends
How much do you know about millionaires?
Kris recently had dinner with her friend Linda, who is a high school social studies teacher. As they ate, Linda bemoaned the lack of personal finance and economics education in the United States. She mentioned that every year she gives her economics students a short “Millionaire Quiz” to see just how much they know about wealth and where it comes from. They do poorly at it, which surprises them. Linda says they always pay attention to the follow-up discussion.
I’ve reproduced the 15-question True or False “millionaire quiz” below. If you’ve read Get Rich Slowly long enough, or have read The Millionaire Next Door, the answers to these questions should be easy. (Hover over each question to reveal the answer as a “tooltip”.)
- Most millionaires are college graduates.
- Most millionaires work fewer than 40 hours a week.
- More than half of all millionaires never received money from a trust fund or estate.
- More millionaires have American Express Gold Cards than Sears cards.
- More millionaires drive Fords than Cadillacs.
- Most millionaires work in glamorous jobs, such as sports, entertainment, or high tech.
- Most millionaires work for big Fortune 500 companies.
- Many poor people become millionaires by winning the lottery.
- College graduates earn about 65 percent more than high school graduates earn.
- If an average 18-year-old high school graduate spends as much as an average high school dropout until both are 67 years old, but the high school graduate invests the difference in his or her earnings at 8 percent annual interest, the high school graduate would have $5,500,000.
- Day traders usually beat the stock market and many of them become millionaires.
- If you want to be a millionaire, avoid the risky stock market.
- At age 18, you decide not to smoke and save $1.50 a day. You invest this $1.50 a day at 8 percent annual interest until you are 67. At age 67, your savings from not smoking are almost $300,000.
- If you save $2,000 a year from age 22 to age 65 at 8 percent annual interest, your savings will be over $700,000 at age 65.
- Single people are more often millionaires than married people.
How’d you do? I got a perfect score, but that’s only because I’ve been immersed in this stuff for the past four years. Most of this is burned on my brain.
For more information about the answers to this quiz, as well as a brief discussion of the problem of financial educaton in America, check out “Improving Economic and Financial Education: A Program for Urban Schools”, which was originally published in the May/June 2002 issue of Social Education.
Update: If you can’t read the “tooltips”, you can find the answers here. Here’s a good past discussion of compound interest. Finally, I’ve blocked the obnoxious ad, but it’ll take a couple hours for Google to process the request.

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September 25th, 2008 at 5:39 am
I’d change number 11 by removing the word “risky” - ‘Risky’ stock market to me is penny stocks, etc, but now that I’ve taken the quiz it sounds like its supposed to mean “Avoid the stock market because it is risky.” The “risky” in the answer leads questions - that’s bad statistics.
September 25th, 2008 at 5:44 am
Heh, I got 14/15. I can’t understand why ANYONE would want a store credit card outside of that signup discount that they like to give.
September 25th, 2008 at 5:52 am
JD, I couldn’t read the entirety of the tooltips. It cuts off your sentences after a bit. I’m not sure if you can fix that or not. I could still see the True/False answers though, and I found the rest of the answer in the website.
Thanks!
September 25th, 2008 at 5:53 am
Where are you going to get 8% annual interest, and what about inflation?
September 25th, 2008 at 5:56 am
JD..I’m from India and am excited to manage a perfect score( although #4 was a guesstimate)!Looks like the time spent in learning about personal finance and regularly reading this blog for the past couple of years is finally paying off. Also that the basics are the same whereever in the world we are.
Just wish I had really digested this knowledge when I was back in high school.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:02 am
@Paul Williams:
Are you using Firefox 2? I know it will shorten the alt text on images. If so, try upgrading to Firefox 3.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:04 am
I have Firefox 3 and can’t see any of the answers.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:08 am
This highlights our personal responsibility to teach these things to our children! My husband and I often say that if we had only known then what we know now……….Imagine how much easier things would have gone had our parents had even thought to mention personal finance. If I can just pound in one little message to save my daughter the dispare of heavy “bad debt” I will feel accomplished.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:19 am
Tooltips are working for me in FF 3.0.2. I love that method so much more than printed upside down answers!
September 25th, 2008 at 6:19 am
Between Erica’s Guest Post and this post, this is exactly the service I see this blog and fellow members of MBN and LR accomplishing.
But we have to get *out there* into the schools, the book clubs, the churchs, civic groups.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:26 am
Haha. Okay. Now I see the ad. Blocked. Will take a few hours for Google to process it, though.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:27 am
I got most of these answers correct, less the compound interest ones. Is there a place for the mathematically challenged to see a clear illustration of how compound interest works? I understand the concept, but the calculations are lost on me.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:30 am
For those with trouble reading the “tooltips”, here are the answers. These are taken directly from the journal article and are not my words. (The “tooltips” contain my words.)
Millionaire Game Answers
1. True. Four of five millionaires are college graduates. Eighteen percent have Master’s degrees, eight percent law degrees, six percent medical degrees, and six percent Ph.D.s.
2. False. About 2/3 of millionaires work 45-55 hours a week.
3. True. Only 19 percent of millionaires received any income or wealth of any kind from a trust fund or an estate. Fewer than 10 percent of millionaires inherited 10 percent or more of their wealth.
4. False. Only 28.6 percent of millionaires have American Express Gold Cards while 43 percent have Sears credit cards. Only 6.2 percent of millionaires have American Express Platinum Cards.
5. True. Ford is preferred by 9.4 percent and Cadillac by 8.8 percent. Lincoln comes in third at 7.8 percent. Only 23 percent of millionaires drive a current-year (new) car.
6. False. A majority of millionaires are in ordinary industries and jobs. They are proficient in targeting marketing opportunities.
7. False. About three out of four millionaires are self-employed and consider themselves to be entrepreneurs. Most of the others are professionals, such as doctors, accountants, and lawyers.
8. False. Few people get rich the easy way. If you play the lottery, the chances of winning are about one in 12 million. The average person who plays the lottery every day would have to live about 33,000 years to win once. In contrast, you have a one in 1.9 million chance of being struck by lightning. A pregnant woman has one chance in 705,000 births to have quadruplets. How many sets of quadruplets do you know?
9. True. In recent years, the average college graduate earned 66 percent more than the average high school graduate did. People with professional degrees earned 150 percent more than high school graduates did.
10. True. Of course, a normal person would spend some of the difference, but it is a dramatic illustration of how valuable a high school diploma is. The difference in earnings between a high school graduate and a high school dropout is $8,000 at age 18. The illustration assumes the difference increases by 1.5 percent each year and that the difference is invested at 8 percent interest each year.
11. False. Recent studies show that 80 percent of day traders lose money.
12. False. Long term (starting in 1926 and including the Great Depression), the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index has increased at about 11 percent compound annual rate of return, exceeding the return on any other investment. Of course, there is risk. The stock market has down years, and there is no guarantee of an 11 percent return in the future, especially in the short run. In contrast, the long-term return on risk-free U.S. government securities during the same period ranged from 5 to 6 percent. The actual return depended on the term of the bond. Another way of looking at this is that $1.00 invested in the S&P 500 on January 1, 1926, was worth $1,828 on December 31, 1997. One dollar invested in long-term government bonds during the same period was worth $39 on December 31, 1997. It probably paid to take the additional risk of buying stocks.
13. True. Because of the power of compound interest, small savings can make a difference. It pays to resist temptation and live below your means.
14. True. Because of the power on compound interest, the earlier you begin saving, the better. Regular saving will make you a millionaire, even if your salary is modest.
15. False. Most millionaires are married and stay married. By contrast, divorce is a gateway to poverty. Financially speaking, divorce is something you want to avoid, particularly after you have children. It is important to choose a marriage partner carefully.
September 25th, 2008 at 6:33 am
I wasn’t surveyed, but here are my responses as someone with a net worth over $1M
1) I have an MBA, my wife a BS
No lottery.
2) It varies, but averages well over 40
3) True. No trust fund here. My wife grew up in a single wide trailer. I was raised in a middle class household.
4) Neither
5) I drive a Ford, but it’s my company car. We own a 2007 Lexus IS 350 and a 1999 Mercedes Benz SLK230. Both were purchased with cash, the Benz was used, the Lexus new.
6) Operations Manager. Mrs is a Realtor.
7) You bet. Everyone has heard of my employer. My wife, however, doesn’t.
9) Within 2 years of graduating with an MBA, my salary increased by 50%. It is now more than double what it was with just a BA.
10) Yup.
11) Day trading is kinda like online poker. If you are really good at it, you can win. Most don’t.
12) A significant amount of my wealth increase is due to a diversified investment portfolio that includes stocks (mutual funds).
13) Compound interest rocks.
14) ditto
15) Married.
September 25th, 2008 at 7:27 am
J.D., I agree with EscapeVelocity. Where are you going to average 8% interest over 43 years?
That would be a non-trivial feat for any investor. While it’s certainly doable (note your S&P example), I wish folks who did “fun compound interest facts” like this wouldn’t choose relatively outlandish interest rates. Quite often, I see 10% used as a example figure, which these days, is nearly absurd.
Then again, maybe, we’re going to get a return of the Volcker era and we’ll get 10% interest.
September 25th, 2008 at 7:28 am
I technically got 100%. I was reading quickly and misread #12. Something in my head thought you were asking if millionaires invested in risky stocks (as in high risk investments). When I reread it, it was very obvious.
And yes, most of this stuff comes from the Millionaire Next Door. Great book!
September 25th, 2008 at 7:32 am
If people are having the tooltips cut off in Firefox, you have two choices to fix it:
1. Upgrade: Firefox 3.x doesn’t have the issue
2. Install the Long Titles extension (http://bit.ly/SHn32)
HTH, HAND
September 25th, 2008 at 7:38 am
Folks, I agree 8% interest isn’t realistic. Maybe I should have edited the question before posting it, but I wanted to reprint the quiz verbatim.
September 25th, 2008 at 7:59 am
Great information from a great book (millionaire next door). I got close to 100% since I have read the book (a few times). The quiz and its data is great to point out that the path to wealth for most people is through hard work and living below your means.
September 25th, 2008 at 8:38 am
I made 100%, but then I read The Millionaire Next Door twice. we’re not millionaires, but my husband and I have been following the book’s principles and that of Rich Dad, Poor Dad. We’re still not ready for retirement, but we are debt free, own three houses and have a fairly healthy savings/401K. My husband smartly moved our money out of stocks (for the time being) and into mutual funds (I think?) and so our losses have been dramatically reduced compared to the average. We’re not putting away as much as we were due to the current economy, but we still manage to squirrel some away consistently every week. All this and on one salary while I’ve stayed home to homeschool the kids. Think what we could have done had I stayed working!
September 25th, 2008 at 8:49 am
Got 12 out of 15, though I haven’t read the book only GRS (I guess nice job J.D!) =)
September 25th, 2008 at 9:29 am
@JD
Where did you get your research of 11%? The return is closer to 7%, but that assumes dividend reinvestment. Lastly, one should consider taxes on your dividends, which negatively impact long term return.
-ThatGuy
September 25th, 2008 at 9:34 am
ThatGuy, none of the numbers in this post are from me. They’re all from the article I pointed to.
September 25th, 2008 at 9:36 am
Sweet! I got a perfect score, too. I think I’ve seen all the answers in Money magazine, though, so maybe that’s cheating.
September 25th, 2008 at 9:54 am
i got #1 and #10 wrong
i still believe in my heart that you can become a millionaire without a college degree.. all it takes is hard work
this is 2008.. and there are enough tools and resources available to be self-educated and successful
September 25th, 2008 at 10:28 am
“I got most of these answers correct, less the compound interest ones. Is there a place for the mathematically challenged to see a clear illustration of how compound interest works? I understand the concept, but the calculations are lost on me.”
Christine, I want to show you how you can do this on your own, and I’m going to assume you have Excel. If you know how to work with Excel spreadsheets at all, very shortly you’ll be able to create your own spreadsheets and play with all kind of numbers.
Open Excel, and if you have the standard toolbars displayed at the top, find the symbol for Sigma, the funny Greek letter that looks like a crazy “E.” Click on the little arrow next to the Sigma (”E”) to show you all the options, then from the pulldown menu click on “More Functions.”
Then under “Or select a category” select “Financial” Then scroll down the financial functions and select “FV,” which stands for “Future Value.”
This brings up a window with blanks for values you can enter for Rate, Number of Periods, Payment, Present Value, and Type. Rate is the interest rate, in this case what you would expect to earn; maybe .08 for 8%? Number of periods would, in this case, be the number of years you have it invested; maybe the difference between the age you want to retire and your current age. And then you can choose to either input a payment (in this case it would be your ANNUAL contribution to your savings/IRA/401K) or you can enter a Present Value, like $10,000 that you’re ready to invest, etc.
The value at the bottom of the box will be the Future Value of either the Present Value you put in after the number of periods compounded at the given rate; or it will be the future value of all the annual payments you plan to make starting now and continuing for the number of periods (years) you specified.
The only trick is that the future value is given with the opposite sign (negative) of what you’re putting in. So if you want you can enter a negative value to get the “correct” result.
If you want to build a spreadsheet then start on one of the cells, type in “=” and then click on this function and it will give you the answer on that cell where you typed “=” And for the other parameters where you might want to see how things change for a different interest rate, instead of typing in the interest rate in the box, you can simply reference that value to another cell; and then work solely in your own spreadsheet.
Hope this helps.
September 25th, 2008 at 10:37 am
-ThatGuy
September 25th, 2008 at 10:53 am
If you aren’t averaging an 8% return per year, you need to take more control of your finances. Just putting it in mutual funds and investing in bonds (no idea why anyone more than 5-8 years from retirement would touch a bond, unless they are severly devalued) will never beat 8%.
September 25th, 2008 at 11:05 am
ThatGuy,
Not sure where that company is coming up with their research but every professor and financial book that I have read states the long term of the S&P at 11% and bonds at 5% not counting of course taxes and inflation.
Figure that most young people are more into stocks than bonds and older people should be more into bonds, 8% is a fair target.
Deb Burton, you might want to look up the definition of a mutual fund as most contain those same stocks your husband was probably selling! I’m guessing you meant a mutual fund that’s invested in bonds.
September 25th, 2008 at 11:13 am
Thanks Ryan! I’ll have to experiment with that.
September 25th, 2008 at 11:41 am
Got one wrong…and thats because AMEX is horrible!! I don’t know a single person with an American Express card. They don’t work anywhere. (Maybe a postive for readers of the site adverse to using cards??)
September 25th, 2008 at 11:50 am
It’s true that two of the questions that give specific brand names are a little bit dated. Sears’ Cards and Cadillacs?
A better statistic would be the percentage of millionaires whose primary car, the one they drive every day, has a current Kelley Blue Book resale value less than $20,000.
And then the percent whose primary credit card is a fancy American Express Black or whatever it’s called with the high annual fees in exchange for concierge services versus a simple Visa or Mastercard that pays 1% back or airline miles or something.
Overall though, it’s a good quiz, and it’s always going to be an eye opener for most people who have all those stereotypes of the rich.
September 25th, 2008 at 12:00 pm
@Ben,
If you can point me to where stocks achieve a passive return of 11% I will be very impressed and thrilled!
-ThatGuy
September 25th, 2008 at 12:16 pm
@ThatGuy
That is one bada** chart. It looks like there are relatively sustained bigger (>10%) returns after each market downturn. Even though the chart does not account for inflation, it also doesn’t account for dividend reinvestment. I’m sure if people inveting in one of those upswings reinvested the money from a +20% it would probably long run help them jump from a 8% return to potential 11%.
Either way, that chart is really cool. I’ve never seen the P/E ratios over time compared to the return on the market. Really, really neat chart.
September 25th, 2008 at 12:29 pm
KickPush, you are right, but JD (and others) look at the averages and it is true that for whatever reasons, there is a correlation between earning potential and education…however, as you point out, you can do it on your own, and clearly you can do ok without a college degree, it’s just tougher. Also we all know stories of people who died and left a fortune and everyone said, “he never made much money as a [fill in the blank]. how did he save so much?” and that difference between earnings and spending is the big difference. but those without a college education tend to end up in jobs earning less and requiring them to spend a higher percentage of their earned income just to survive. So it can be done, it’s just tougher.
Yes, you can be “self-educated and successful” as you mentioned without a degree, but let’s also not lose sight of the fact that those 2 things are not necessarily present in those who are millionaires!
September 25th, 2008 at 1:36 pm
I regarded the interest questions as word problems that illustrate how compound interest works. No, you will never get that exact return in the real world. But is it valuable for understanding how compound interest works, even on small amounts? Heck yes.
I passed a version of this on in my livejournal, but I did replace a few - instead of the Ford/Cadillac question it’s “Most millionaires lease their cars.”
September 25th, 2008 at 1:48 pm
100%… Go me.
But then again, I read GRS and am somewhat PF savvy (or like to think so).
September 25th, 2008 at 4:20 pm
I apologize if this has already been addressed, but this kind of bothers me:
“College graduates earn about 65 percent more than high school graduates earn.”
I think a very large amount of the difference in pay comes not from the education, but the person. The same reasons that a person does not graduate college are applied to why they have low paying jobs. They are unmotivated. They are not constantly pushing to better themselves. They are lacking in a strong work ethic. The list goes on and on.
I think this is another case of correlation not implying causation.
September 25th, 2008 at 5:50 pm
JD,
Millionaire Next Door is a great book, but it was written 10 years ago, so the research on millionaires is pretty dated. Do you know if it’s ever been updated? That would be fascinating.
September 25th, 2008 at 8:02 pm
I find the self-employment statistic very encouraging–75% is huge! I always suspected this is the best route for me, but the stats are all the more motivation to foster my entrepreneurial side.
September 26th, 2008 at 6:53 am
I agree that the odds of winning the lottery are low, and that it’s very very very far from a good “investment”, but comparing lottery odds with birth odds is rather misleading as the rates of lottery playing are significantly different from the rates of giving birth. So although the chances of a pregnant woman giving birth to quads may be almost 20 times as likely as of someone picking the winning lottery numbers, in the UK the National Lottery creates approximately 150 millionaires a year, compared to about 1 set of quads being born.
September 26th, 2008 at 11:05 am
I missed 1! And to be honest, I’m glad the answers came out the way I had guessed. It really shows that millionaires are hard working people who use smart investing to help get to where they are. It’s a shame the media has driven kids to the point where they get most of those questions wrong.
September 27th, 2008 at 12:05 am
Kick_push,
As to your comment regarding becoming a millionaire without formal education, yes it can be accomplished. I personally know individuals that have net worths of over a million dollars. However, I think the law of averages will show that it is much, much harder to do.
Most of the men that became wealthy were able to capitalize on the right opportunity at the perfect time. Could their results be duplicated? Possibly, but I would imagine that it would be harder to nearly impossible to attain the exact financial success.
While formal education is not everything, I think that it helps develop or refine the skills that are needed to be successful business owners, ect.
There are always examples of college dropout such as Bill Gates, and others, BUT even Warren Buffet was a college graduate. I also think that most millionaire’s will either deal specifically, or employ college graduates and having a college degree adds to the credibility of an individual’s background.
Just my .02
September 28th, 2008 at 10:59 am
I bet #15 is gender specific - most millionaires are probably male, and traditionally being married for men means having a wife to do lots of your mundane chores for you, whereas for women it traditionally meant having most of your time taken up by other people’s needs. To this day, even though more marriages are more equal now, I think it might be somewhat true that marriage could hold back women who want to be millionaires (Oprah? Martha Stewart? Madonna? All single when they hit 7 figures).
September 28th, 2008 at 7:04 pm
As an experienced and previously licensed day trader, I can’t tell you how many fellow traders lost money. I have heard statistics closer to 90%. It’s a tough business to get into and stay in. If you are the lucky few that make money, the markets change so that your market prowess is always challenged. It is very frustrating, humbling and not to be ventured lightly. Even when you win, you feel like you lose. I would advise strong caution before doing it.
October 6th, 2008 at 1:58 pm
Dang I read that book and only got about half right. I guess it is time for me to reread it.