Ask the Readers: How to Prioritize Savings Goals?
Published on - February 20th, 2009 (Modified on - October 21st, 2010) (by J.D. Roth) Once you’ve paid off your debt, it’s time to save. But for many of us, it’s difficult to know where to start. Via Twitter (and edited slightly), @funkyknitwit asks:
How do you set priorities with savings? I have so many things I want to save for, but I don’t know where to start! What I mean is, how can I decide which thing I should work towards first? My budgeting is already in order.
This is a tough one for me. I find it difficult to decide which things to save for and when. I use multiple accounts at ING Direct, but there’s no real rhyme or reason as to how I fund them. For example, here’s a glimpse at my saving progress from last summer:
Since July, I’ve added two additional accounts for other goals. How do I choose which accounts to fund with my savings and how much to put in them? It’s all pretty much instinct, I’m afraid. Maybe I should have a plan.
Other folks are more methodical than I am. Several personal finance blogs — including No Debt Plan, Poorer Than You, and Blunt Money — advocate a “savings snowball”, which is based on the popular debt snowball method. When using this system, you don’t have to choose just one thing to save for at a time. Here’s how it works:
- Make a list. Write down all of the things — large and small — that you’d like to save for. You might include a trip to Mexico, a new car, your summer wardrobe — and even your Roth IRA.
- Prioritize. After drafting your wishlist, choose just a few items to save for first. Organize them from most important to least important. (By “most important” I mean the item you’d like to see completed first.) I think this step is key to answering funkyknitwit’s question.
- Pay the minimum. For each item in your savings list, assign a minimum monthly payment. When working a debt snowball, these minimums are assigned by your bank. Here, however, you set the minimums. For each item in your savings snowball, save the minimum every month.
- Snowball! For the “most important” item on your list, pay more than the minimum each month. For this item, save as much as possible. When you’ve completed saving for it, move on to save as much as possible for the next item.
There are a couple of ways to replenish the list. You might opt to add a new item at the bottom every time you finish saving for the top item. Or you might finish saving for every item in the list before making a new list of savings goals.
How do you prioritize your savings? Do you save for only one thing at a time? Do you use some sort of “savings snowball”? Or do you simply set aside one large savings account from which to make all of your purchases? and how do you choose what to save for first?
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I usually prioritize by simply focusing on one thing at a time. That may not be good advice to some, but I’ve found when I have one specific goal in mind, I do a lot better at reaching that goal.
Right now every last big of alternative income I have is going towards a new computer. It keeps me focused and motivated.
Of course, it sucks for my other goals (buying a home), but I guess this is just a “that’s me” kind of thing.
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Thanks for the link, JD! I’m thinking of coming up with a short video or presentation to visualize how the snowball works. Do you think that would be of use to your readers?
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I’ve been struggling with this very thing lately. There are several projects we’d like to save for and several larger items (new washing machine) as well. We also know we’ll need to buy a car sometime in the next couple of years. Lately, I’ve been somewhat haphazard with my savings for these things, but I like the idea of making a list and then prioritizing it. Simple, but smart.
@No Debt Plan — I’d be interested in a short video or presentation of the savings snowball.
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I have never thought about a savings “Snowball” before, I have a few big ticket items I need to save for, I will have to see if I can get a system setup like that for. Typically I just pluck a number out of the air and save that much a month.
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ING Direct is being hit pretty badly in the markets ($5/share). Is it time to pull out? How reliable is this Smartypig place?
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I guess I have a “modified snowball.” I have a list of necessities I’m saving for that is ranked and a list of non-necessities I’m saving for that is also ranked. I pay for the former with my regular income and the latter with my extra income, which I can’t rely on. (I’d move on to saving for the second list once my necessities are saved for — this list includes my IRA, car insurance, and a vacation– yes, vacation is on my necessities list). The latter, the fun list, is money for a personal trainer, a laptop, money for clothes beyond the minimum, etc., ranked in order. I find it’s motivational and a way to put off spending without depriving myself. (E.g., “You’re going to get your damned laptop, save up for the personal trainer for the rest of the year first!”)
I have found that having one (or two at most) highly focused goals makes reaching those savings goal attainable more quickly. However, I’ve also found that I don’t like to be rigid about it all of the time… savings, unlike paying off debt, is supposed to be a positive experience! (I’m buying a laptop, future security, pre-paying the car insurance so it will feel free when I write that check). If I have an extra $20 at the end of the week and it makes me happy to put that towards my new(future) MacBook instead of the trainer that day, that’s where I’ll throw it. Logical, maybe not. But if I view savings and reaching goals as a pleasurable activity I’ll do more of it.
Great post, looking forward to reading more of the comments to get some other ideas1
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Thanks for the link to Smarty Pig. That’s a really innovative site.
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I can’t decide which is better to do first – buy a house, or pay off my student loans. I could do half and half – it doesn’t have to be all or nothing – but that seems like the worst option because it will take me two years to accomplish anything tangible.
My husband and I basically decided to not decide. We’re putting all our savings in one account, and we’re going to check back in Feb. 2010 to decide whether we think loans or house is more important at that time.
That may be a slightly different question than you’re asking now, but it’s a big issue for me (and the rest of my late-20′s friends). Maybe you could offer some suggestions on this?
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I use direct deposit liberally. At any given time I’m using it for 4-6 accounts. This allows me to save for all of my goals. My employer makes it very easy to switch around what each account gets, so some months I do more to e-fund, others I do more to Roth, and most of the time I dump most in my long-term savings with ING.
I love direct deposit.
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I don’t have a problem setting a savings plan according to my goals ie some debt reduction, some retirement savings, beef up emergency fund etc.
My problem is that my goals keep changing – sometimes day to day.
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Long-term savings is always the base level of my goals — 401(k) and Roth IRA get money first.
After that, it’s whichever short term goal is most immediate — emergency fund, housing, etc.
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I just use 2 savings accounts. Still paying off debt and trying to build the emergency fund but I just track everything in my annual budget spreadsheet.
I take my net income total for a month and multiply by 12. Run my monthly “standard bills” (car payments, utilities insurance etc) add my monthly budget amount (graceries, gas, entertainment etc)and multiply by 12. Subtract (annual net income-monthly spending) So I know that this year I x amount to do with what I please. I put down what we want/will need this year and allocate it out that way. I did this for 5 years out.
It gives me the picture of how much I can spend/extra savings each year so I have a picture of what I can get this year and what has to be put off till next year.
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We also use multiple accounts at ING. We’re fortunate in that most of our debts are paid off with the exception of our mortgage and one student loan (interest rate is under 4%). We have a car fund, basically escrow our property taxes, and have two accounts that are used for savings. One savings account is our emergency fund. The other has been saved back and will be used for investing.
The biggest thing we struggle with is having a detailed budget. We are good at having the overall dollar amount per month hitting a certain level, but we’d like to be able to get down to detail such as setting targets for food, entertainment, etc.
Thanks for the post!
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I think it’s kind of fun, but I’m a geek.
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I would love to hear how some of you Dave Ramsey fans implement your savings strategies.
I’m a loyal follower of his and I’ve done very well with his plan over the last few months…I’ll actually be debt-free other than my house later this summer. The issue, however, is that if you follow his baby step plan by the book, there’s really no step for these “medium-term goals”.
I’m coming up on the point where I’ll be debt free, so my next step is to fully fund my retirement, which won’t be a problem, but the step after that, “Pay off the house” would totally consume all of my excess savings.
I’m seriously considering temporarily skipping that step and using some of the ideas presented in this post to form a medium-term savings strategy.
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I’m struggling with this right now because our two biggest goals are maxing out the IRAs and building a house.
Since we plan to break ground this year, are we better off throwing all of our money toward the house? I’d love some advice on house vs. retirement, especially when building/buying in the near future.
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The savings snowball is a good idea. I think it’s basically what my wife and I do but we haven’t articulated it like that. Nice post.
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Right now, our only goal is saving as much as we can to buy a new home this summer. We’re unsure what we’ll actually sell our current home for, but we want to put down 20% to get the best rate. So we’re throwing all extra money in that direction.
Once we get the house and get our “new” budget settled, we’re going to sit down and prioritize our next set of goals – retirement, college savings, new car fund, etc.
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If you have little to no savings it’s easy to suggest where to start, cash in a high yield savings account. After you have cash for the unexpected you can start setting other goals, which are going to be very personal. It could be retirement, a new car, a vacation or for home repairs. Many financial books suggest starting with your values, do you value education, a secure retirement, travel and experience… from there you can move into goals that are in line with those values. If you value having your own home to nest in, then start saving up a downpayment.
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My wife and I just have one lump savings account with FNBO. We just carefully decide on any big purchases…for us it’s more of just a mindset of being savvy with our money. I still drive a 17 year old Sunbird (and the speedometer hasn’t worked in 6 years)!
We set a budget for vacations and then any other major purchases we really try to do our research on or try to find a way to make some extra money to cover that.
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I’d love to hear more about SmartyPig. I’m not into interest-rate chasing, but ING Direct just dropped their rate to 1.835%–ouch!–and I wonder if SmartyPig is the way to go now.
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My emergency fund is the priority. Thankfully, it’s also at a level that I’m comfortable with. My focus is to split my savings money into different groups: retirement, emergency, vacation, and other short term purchases.
If you focus on one area and neglect the others you will eventually pay a price for it. Whether that be not having enough for retirement or stressing out because you haven’t had a vacation.
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This is our second year of working together on mutual savings goals. We tend to focus on our long term savings first (i.e. funding out IRAs, our 401ks are funded each pay period), our shorter term savings second (i.e. emergency fund and baby fund) and then our other savings goals (i.e. this year we are saving up for furniture and lasik surgery for Mr. Sam).
We also have regular savings that go into our ING fun account and ING travel/vacation that are not part of our overall savings goals, more of a sinking fund.
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Re: #15, we are big fans of Ramsey’s baby steps, helped us pay off $55,500 in 12 and half mos. (Baby step 1 and 2), we have a fully funded emergency fund (Baby step 3) although we still are adding to our emergency fund.
We are fully funding our retirement (maxing our both 401ks and IRAs, which is step 4). So we are on Baby step 5 which is college monies for kids. We don’t have kids yet but we are thinking about them so we do have a baby fund. so we are working step 4 (retirement) and step 6 pay off the house. But we are not throwing all extra money at the house, instead we are refinancing to a shorter loan 25 years (we are 4 years into a 30) with a much better interest rate and we will continue to pay the same amount towards our mortgage so we will be paying an extra $200 a month. And if we have extra monies not dedicated to something else we do put the money towards our mortgage.
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I have 2 online high interest accounts. One for ‘Savings’ the other for ‘House’.
I use Excel to track the ‘sub accounts’. In the spreadsheet under House I have sheets for each fund: “Repair, Electricity, Town Utilities, Telephone, Natural Gas (heating), Mortgage payments, House Insurance (Fire), etc”. With Savings I have sheets for “Wedding, Food, Vehicle Insurance, PayMyself, etc.”
On the main sheet, I write in a cell the amount of my paycheque after deductions. I also have the balances of each account and in cells beside them I have spots for “$ Goal”. So I want a goal of $600 in the Food fund, $800 in the Vehicle Insurance fund, etc. I also have “Minimum payments” as well as another column for “extra payments” beside the account balances.
I prioritize my Wedding fund over my Vehicle Insurance fund, for example. I usually direct all extra money into the fund with the least amount to reach my goal. I get paid bi-weekly (every 2nd Friday) and I budget for only 2 paydays a month so twice a year each fund has an extra bonus which I apply to that fund or to another fund at my choosing.
This “Savings Account” excel sheet has helped me stay out of debt (just mortgage left) and every minute spent creating and updating it has been worth it many times over.
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In my mind I create “average” monthly payments for what I’m saving for and put any extra money into a separate ING account. For example, I really want a Wii. I just canceled my cable and am putting my monthly $50.99 that would have gone to cable into a “Wii” ING account. Also, while saving for a house, I am taking the difference of my current rent payment ($600) from my expected house payment ($800) and saving the “extra” $200 in a different account (I’m obviously saving in addition to the $200 for the house…but this $200 is an extra bonus.) The same can be applied for a car payment. Save whatever a “typical” car payment may be into a separate account (if you don’t currently make a car payment).
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I am very new at this “savings” game. I’ve only had a big-kid job for about 6 mos and before that saving was not a priority.
I think I’ve developed a modified snowball method but only use one account. I set 4 financial goals for 2009: pay off my car loan, visit my brother in France, go to Dragon*Con (which is more of an annual family reunion), and create an emergency savings fund of at least $3K. Those goals are listed in the chronological order I wanted to achieve them. I budgeted how much I would need for each item and how much I could put into my money market account to reach my goals.
Last week, I paid off my car loan AND purchased my plane ticket to Europe. The money I had been putting toward the car is now going into the money market account earmarked for the three remaining goals. When I deposit my planned savings from my paycheck next week, I will have my Europe budget met and about 1/2 of my Dragon*Con budget saved.
If I keep knocking one goal out at a time and snowballing all savings onto the remaining goals, reaching all of them shouldn’t be a problem.
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I think your idea of using the snowball method on savings as well as debt is a great idea. Assigning a minimum to a savings goal will keep one on track. Snowballing after that point will keep things rolling fast and get the goals met quicker than just tying a string around a finger
That is why the snowball method works so well with debt.
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We save a fixed amount each month for several types of goals: emergency/opportunity fund, car, electronics, house, etc. Each fund has a list of goals associated with it (so for electronics that would be a computer, a LCD TV and an oven).
Once in a while we look at the funds to see if there is a goal that has been met. If so, we either buy the item or keep saving for a more expensive item of that goal list (or maybe scrap the goal because it’s no longer important?!).
This method allows us to buy a nice LCD TV while knowing that the car will be covered in a few years.
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To Emily and Kevin (and anyone else who is working to buy a house):
I strongly encourage you to look up the community development corporation or community block grant administrators in your area.
Where I live, anyone who falls below the median income (which includes a lot of teachers, cops, journalists, etc.) is eligible for small grants and matching programs. It’s something the community does to boost home ownership and economic stability — and half of the people in our area are eligible.
So, Emily, if your CDC offers a matching program (and you guys meet income guidelines), then you might only have to put up a 10 percent down payment and get matching grant funds to cover the other 10 percent. Free money.
Another local program gives additional down payment loans and forgives them at a rate of 20 percent per year. If you’re in the house for five years, the city effectively pays you to have lived there. (If you live there three years, you’re still forgiven 60 percent of that loan.)
I really encourage people to consider this — it’s not just for the very poor or for first-time homebuyers.
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We do the ING multiple accounts (and I agree with the previous poster about the painful drop of interest rate to 1.8% – ouch, indeed). When I set them up, I have a goal in mind. Currently, we have an emergency fund (could support us for almost a full year); a home down-payment fund (we have to move in 1.5 years and aren’t planning to get any money out of our current home…ouch, again); a new car fund (will drive the cars we currently have until they die – hopefully that won’t be until after this account is fully funded!); a vacation fund; and a fund for a wedding I’ll be in this fall.
What we do when we add a new account is figure out how much the ultimate goal will cost, which is usually a ball-park, as well as how much time we have to meet the goal. Then we just divide the amount we need my the months, or weeks, until the goal is “due” and that determines how much money to put into it. If there’s any extra, it goes into either emergency or vacation, or both.
If you do this, you might find that you won’t actually be able to meet the goal in time (there’s only so much income every month, after all). Our biggest question mark will be the down-payment fund. But, even if we don’t meet the goal by the time we need to purchase a new home, we’ll likely be able to ‘borrow’ from one of our other accounts and then snowball the savings we’d been directing toward the down-payment back into the others to get them back to their appropriate level. It’s not perfect, but it works for us.
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I tend to prioritize my savings by date: my daughter needs a car next year, college money in three years, a trip to Europe to celebrate her degree in seven years, pay off the mortgage in 18 years, retire in 28 years.
I look at my budget, the most I can save vs. how much I need to save based on my time line and put it into one fund, making sure that when the time comes, I’ll have enough to do the things I want. My daughter is really getting into our new budget/savings routine.
For years we struggled financially, but now, we see the possibilities. A budget made that possible. As a single mother whose take home is about 30,000 a year, I never thought I’d be able to afford to buy a house (which we did last year) or buy my daughter a car or put her through college, and I definitely thought a trip to Europe was out of the question, but taking a long hard look at how we spend our money and making some goals has given us hope and more: a way to accomplish those goals without feeling the pain of lack that seemed to follow us for so many years.
Thank you for all the great advice.
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Thanks for the mention
Obviously I do use a savings snowball. It helps organize my tendency to want to save for a large variety of things.
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Pairwise ranking is an easy way to prioritize a list. Say you have choices A, B, and C. Simply ask, “which is more important, A or B?” Put a tic mark next to your answer. Then ask, “A or C?” And place another tic mark. Finally, ask, “Which is more important, B or C?” Place your tic mark. Tally up the answers and sort your list accordingly. This method works for analyze list. This method helps guard against flaws in your personal mental model or any biases you might have. Try it!
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I split my savings goals into two categories. Needs (like home repairs/upgrades) and wants (vacations, electronic toys). For the needs I setup specific accounts at ING and deposit amounts weekly from my paycheck. The accounts would cover things like bathroom remodels and a new back fence. For saving for my wants I use ‘mad money’ for it. Mad money is money that I don’t expect to get like birthday money, tax returns, online surveys, and overtime from my job. Using this system helps me not impact the goals I have set for myself and my family and still set aside some money to purchase things we want. Its a bit slower of a system then I would like, chances are we will be skipping vacation this summer, but that’s okay. We can take a little money out of the fund and go to the amusement park and a baseball game.
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Right now I’m paying off debt and trying to set up my emergency fund. I have auto contributions each month going into the emergency fund and my RRSP (Canadian retirement savings). I also have a “spending/gifts” account. I’m young and want to buy a house eventually. It really is hard to know what to save for and how. I guess I have to focus on paying down the debt first…
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Love the idea of saving snowball and setting priorities with the family. After getting 6+ months of emergency savings will include this idea in our plan.
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Thank you so much for this post, it was a question I was wondering about too!
Currently, I am looking into SmartyPig. I have written a list of goals, that I didn’t have 10 minutes ago!
Thankyou again!
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Great method for saving. It is very practical and a good method to achieve one’s savings goals.
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I’ve just started trying to do this same thing. I made a list of things I need to save for which are upcoming costs (for me this is upcoming school tuitions but it could be car insurance, etc.). Those were priority one since I will have to pay them and/or go into debt for them.
My second level was things I consider needs but the consequences aren’t as dire. Adding to my emergency fund, funding a Roth, working on my car fund.
Finally at the bottom I have a few wants such as Travel and New Computer. I then assigned a minimum payment to each of these that adds up to the total I have budgeted to save.
At the end of the month anything extra I have goes to my first thing on the list. Once that is done I’ll snowball that into the thing below it or if its no longer applicable I can snowball everything set aside for it.
I don’t use ING so I just keep track of it in my spreadsheet that I do my budget in.
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Here are my savings goals:
1. emergency fund
2. max out IRA
3. save for down payment
4. max out future children’s college fund
5. pay off mortgage and student loans
6. continue to invest
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the multiple accounts on ING sounds like a good idea.. i’m just too lazy to open up 2,3,4 more savings accts. lol
i guess i can add up what i’m saving for in my head
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Here is what I do:
I have 4 places my money goes:
Emergency Fund
Opportunity/Vacation Fund
Bills Account
Roth IRA
I put a certain amount of money into each account each month, leaving me with about $80/week in my checking account for eating out, gas, etc. If I am very frugal, I will have some left over at the end of my pay period, which I will divide evenly amongst the Emergency Fund and the Opportunity fund.
When my emergency fund is equal to the amount I owe on my car loan (yeah, I know, car loans are bad), then I will pay off the car with my emergency fund. This is currently on track for June of this year, meaning I have paid off my 36 month loan in 22 months.
Mike
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I LOVE this idea. It is ingenious. We automatically contribute to our IRAs and our emergency savings. But there are a few things that we would like to save for: patio furniture and a camper. I am going to discuss with my husband and maybe set up 2 additional accounts with ING. My husband just said the other day that he wants to sell some stuff to put towards a camper so now we’ll have a place to put it.
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Saving towards multiple goals at once is counter productive. Here’s an example: Say you have two goals that each will cost $6000. 1) To buy a new car, and 2) To remodel your kitchen.
Assume you can save $500/month.
Now, say you split your savings equally among your multiple goals, and put $250/month towards each one.
In two years, you will be able to get your car and your kitchen, both on the same date.
But, assume that you only ever fund one goal at a time. You prioritize the kitchen over the car (or vice versa), and save $500/month towards that until you’ve met your goal, and then you move on to the next goal.
This way you get your kitchen after 1 year instead of two, and you still get your car on the exact same date as the first plan, two years after starting.
So, unless you like waiting extra months or years to realize your goals, you should prioritize them and always fund the one at the top of the list until it’s realized.
One way to do this is to have a list of goals. Each goal has a price tag associated with it, and you sort this list so the most important item is at the top. You’re allowed to edit this list any time you like, by adding new items, removing items you no longer want to accomplish, changing the order of items, etc.
You keep a single savings account. All your savings for all your goals goes into this account. Whenever the balance of the savings account is higher than the cost of the goal currently at the top of the list, then you go ahead and purchase whatever it is that’s associated with that goal.
You will get the things you want *years* sooner this way than you will by splitting up your savings into different buckets for each goal.
That doesn’t really answer the question of how to order the list of goals so the highest priority is at the top, though.
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I think the best thing to do is to figure out what is the most important or the most desirable. For example, I recently went on a trip to Aruba and for the few months leading up to that, I threw all of my spare money into an account for that. At that moment, that was what I needed to be saving for.
Once you complete something, move onto the next. Through all of your extra money towards that. I don’t think there is a right or wrong way, so long as you are meeting your other obligations and have money saved for emergencies.
Of course, I’m an advocate of focusing on eliminating debt before frivolous spending, but we all need to enjoy life once in a while. Save for whatever it is, and enjoy.
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I prioritize. I always have one main goal that most of my cash goes towards. I also often have several minor goals that get a certain amount each month.
When I started trying to figure this out, I made a list of all the big stuff I could think of to save for in the next 5-10 years. Then I divided the list into two lists, those with time limits (self imposed or not) and those without. I then prioritized, first according to ‘due date’, and then according to my personal priorities. The minor goals that I save a certain amount for are things that shouldn’t be put off, but can’t be a main priority right now. (examples – fund IRA and an account to fund replacements of broken dresser, etc.)
Most of my stress in prioritizing was from trying to put my personal priorities above things that need to be done sooner. Once I took that choice out, it was much easier. I also shift my priorities around as I find new goals, situations change, or I just reconsider things.
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What’s the catch with SmartyPig?
Update: After reading up on SmartyPig, I’m going to give it a try. It seems to be what I need for a few of my savings goal (and the rate is hard to pass up since ING just dropped to 1.84% -ouch). I still need my ING account for my emergency fund, though.
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I see that you leave $100 in your Electric Orange account. I find that leaving $1 is more than adequate to stay out of trouble.
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I normally just stash money in my savings. I haven’t been out of debt reduction mode long enough to really set up savings goals.
-Nate
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