Ask the Readers: How to Prioritize Savings Goals?
Published on - February 20th, 2009 (Modified on - October 21st, 2010) (by J.D. Roth) Once you’ve paid off your debt, it’s time to save. But for many of us, it’s difficult to know where to start. Via Twitter (and edited slightly), @funkyknitwit asks:
How do you set priorities with savings? I have so many things I want to save for, but I don’t know where to start! What I mean is, how can I decide which thing I should work towards first? My budgeting is already in order.
This is a tough one for me. I find it difficult to decide which things to save for and when. I use multiple accounts at ING Direct, but there’s no real rhyme or reason as to how I fund them. For example, here’s a glimpse at my saving progress from last summer:
Since July, I’ve added two additional accounts for other goals. How do I choose which accounts to fund with my savings and how much to put in them? It’s all pretty much instinct, I’m afraid. Maybe I should have a plan.
Other folks are more methodical than I am. Several personal finance blogs — including No Debt Plan, Poorer Than You, and Blunt Money — advocate a “savings snowball”, which is based on the popular debt snowball method. When using this system, you don’t have to choose just one thing to save for at a time. Here’s how it works:
- Make a list. Write down all of the things — large and small — that you’d like to save for. You might include a trip to Mexico, a new car, your summer wardrobe — and even your Roth IRA.
- Prioritize. After drafting your wishlist, choose just a few items to save for first. Organize them from most important to least important. (By “most important” I mean the item you’d like to see completed first.) I think this step is key to answering funkyknitwit’s question.
- Pay the minimum. For each item in your savings list, assign a minimum monthly payment. When working a debt snowball, these minimums are assigned by your bank. Here, however, you set the minimums. For each item in your savings snowball, save the minimum every month.
- Snowball! For the “most important” item on your list, pay more than the minimum each month. For this item, save as much as possible. When you’ve completed saving for it, move on to save as much as possible for the next item.
There are a couple of ways to replenish the list. You might opt to add a new item at the bottom every time you finish saving for the top item. Or you might finish saving for every item in the list before making a new list of savings goals.
How do you prioritize your savings? Do you save for only one thing at a time? Do you use some sort of “savings snowball”? Or do you simply set aside one large savings account from which to make all of your purchases? and how do you choose what to save for first?
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I love the idea of a debt snowball-especially establishing a minimum for each goal. We’ve laid out goals, but some have had to remain unfunded because, well, the needs are more pressing elsewhere. I think if we said “minimum $5 per goal per month”–or even $1 per goal, since the budget is tight –and I could see that there was some tiny, consistent uptick in the savings for *each* goal, it would help us feel like *all* of our goals are getting attention, which in turn would keep me from feeling frustrated or anxious that some parts of our grand plan have fallen totally out of the picture. Thanks for the question–and the suggestions!
@Emily:
Holding off on making a decision may not be a bad idea… as long as the rates on your student loan are less than what you’re earning keeping that money in savings. If the rate on the loan is 4% and the savings is only earning you 1.8%, you’re paying money for the privilege of waiting to make a decision.
Me, I would pay a big chunk of that stash against the student loans. It may not pay off all of it, but if you manage to reduce what you owe by 75%, the remaining amount probably will seem so tiny in comparison that you’ll be motivated to just pay it all off pronto (the “light at the end of the tunnel” phenomenon.) Plus, with less debt-to-income, you’ll likely qualify for better rates on a home mortgage when the time comes. And as another poster mentioned, there are all kinds of great programs for first-time homebuyers that can help offset what you need in the way of a downpayment.
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The #1 goal of this year is getting all my banking accounts to zero or better (plus region). This discussion made me restart my financial sheet for 2009 and make another attempt at finding out where the money goes. Actually, I’m on the plus side when it comes to private costs (steady job; 10+% can go into savings); but the business costs (freelancing) are hard to balance. The problem with accounts in the negative is that you never really get the feel that it’s getting better with small savings; I will need to figure out another solution if I can’t make visual progress until June ’09. (Rebooted my career in October 2008, so I’m giving myself some time to get adjusted to that. So far, I fare better than my estimates
P.S. I’d like to add that reading this blog made me a lot more aware of my costs and I already started cutting things down over the last year. I always hated to deal with money and will never love the idea of tight budgets, but OTOH it’s better to have some overview and not to have a crisis over accounts once a month. So – thank you from this reader!
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I’m in Canada so, our savings vehicles are a bit different. Our tax-sheltered retirement savings can be withdrawn for a first home purchase or for post-seondary tuition. So for me, I can put those things all into one pot without having to prioritize.
For other general savings (vacations, cars etc.) I have a set amount per month and I go on a first need basis. So if I want a vacation this year, then the car saving will have to wait until after that’s paid.
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The premise of this post does not make any sense to me. Money is money. It does not matter is you have $5K spread out across 4 accounts. You still only have $5K. What you should prioritize on is your spending. Save as much as you can and decide what you should spend on in what order.
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Thought-provoking conversation. I have larger goals that we are *ultimately* saving toward, but I have multiple accounts, meanwhile, to save for shorter-term goals (school tuition; Christmas; vacation).
@Emily – With home prices lower than they’ve been in quite a while, and mortgage rates good as well, I would buy a home rather than pay off student loans with your nest egg — assuming you can pay both a mortgage and the loan payments, and that you could qualify for a mortgage.
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I’m so glad you answered my question! This is a brilliant solution to my problem. What I really like is that with “minimum payments” going to each goal, all of them will progress at least a little bit while I concentrate on the top priority. The reason I asked this question in the first place is because I felt that if I saved for one thing at a time, I would never spend the money because I wouldn’t want to wipe out my savings without knowing I was spending it on “the right thing.” On the other hand, I wasn’t sure how to spread my savings out among all the goals without getting overwhelmed. I’m the type of person that needs a well-crafted plan to do anything, and I think this is it.
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This discussion could not be more timely for me. Thank you!!! (And– all the comments are helping me to focus on my list of savings goals!)
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I think it’s important to have a balance of goals at one time.
Personally, I have long-term (401k), mid-term (emergency), and short term (clothing, hobbies, gifts) savings goals.
I also use the All Your Worth ladies 50-30-20 proportion for my budgeting/savings purposes, although I’m actually at 22% savings and 28% wants, but I’m happy with that. So not every “savings” account comes out of the savings line of my budget
Here’s my actual monthly numbers with a star by each category that has it’s own account.
Needs: $1,030.00
-Rent $500
-Food $300 (for two people)
-Monthly Bills $150 (my boyfriend pays all the bills [B] and then subtracts the amount I spend on groceries [G] and divides that by two: (B-G)/2 to get the total of what I owe him, this includes car insurance, cable, newspaper and other things that could be cut if absolutely necessary)
-Gas $80 (realistically this is split between needs/wants but I can fit the whole amount in needs so I do)
Wants: $567.20
-Birthday $40* this account is for me to spend a little bit on myself each year on my birthday either a day at the spa or a fancy pair of shoes or whatever extravagence I can’t justify otherwise
-Entertainment $172.20 includes my whatever money, lunches out, movies, whatever
-Clothing $100* (3x a year shopping)
-Gifts $75* (as needed)
-Hobbies $80 (I usually spend this amount every month on classes/materials, but sometimes I’ll save up a couple months worth for a big ticket item)
-Charity $100* (I have four charities that I give to annually)
Savings: $486.67
-401(k) $186.67
-Emergency fund $300*
Once I have 6 mos. expenses in my emergency fund I’m going to flip those numbers.
Anyways… that’s how this 26 year old Assistant Property Manager does it all on $32K a year
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I’m a big fan if ingdirect accounts as well. You can setup as many as you like and they are totally free. There is no better way, I think, to keep track of your savings goals then setting these up. I currently have:
- deposits
- early mortgage paydown
- emergency fund
- monthly bills
- real estate taxes & insurance
Makes keeping track of saving so easy, the only problem now is finding enough money to fund them all!! – Jorge
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Yes, the reverse snowball is what I use and I was mentally formulating discussion points as you reached that subject.
Money management all about disciple. Just because you’re out of debt (or in a healthier position relative to your original debt) does not mean you should let off the gas. Stay on target even after breaking through the debt.
I look at savings like this… what are my targets and what are the monthly miniums. Just like debt, and rightly so as it is a commitment on your cash (though often a much more enjoyable one).
$600 for Christmas is a $50 monthly ‘payment’. Similarly car insurances, HOA dues, season tickets, annualized car repairs, new car savings, vacation, etc are all defined as monthly “payments”.
I’ll then to lump these into a “known annual expense” line item on my budget worksheets (available free on my site) so as to minimalize the clutter. I also have a spreadsheet for managing the saved dollars in a single account to save all the account hopping. Any ‘snowball’ dollars over the minimums can be used for other spontaneous fun or to expedite the planned fun.
Good article, thanks for allowing me to add to the discussion.
Dave
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I didn’t read all the comments, but I’m surprised I don’t see talk about the fact that if your goal has a deadline, you know EXACTLY what you need to save. If J.D. wants $18,000 for his Cooper in two years, that means $9,000 a year, so $750 a month.
I wouldn’t prioritize, I’d set timelines for each, and let that determine where I save. If I still had extra, I’d step up the timeline for a favorite – prioritizing to a degree, but not the same way I see here.
@ AD – If you’re torn between building a home and retirement, I’d focus on setting goals for the home. Once you know what you need, the rest can go towards retirement. Underfunding your retirement for a year can be made up. If you can’t keep up on payments for the house, that would really hurt! Maybe you could borrow against your retirement in an emergency, but wouldn’t it be best to know you’ll need about $20k to get started, and have $24k waiting for it? Better than wondering where the last $4k will come from…
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The way we prioritize is to divide the goals into 2 categories: needs and wants.
For the needs goals we use the timeline method mentioned above: In ten years the roof will need to be replaced so taking inflation into consideration, that’s X per month, etc.
For wants goals we divide them into 3 categories: stress relievers first, free time creators second and then just wants.
If there is something we can purchase to tremendously lessen stress, those get first place. For example, when we first got married, we had no closet space and tons of stuff. So we bought bookshelves. No more digging through boxes/piles of junk every day to find stuff.
To create free time: Then we bought a roomba. With 2 cats and always dogsitting 2 dogs and both too tired from working 2 jobs to vacuum enough, we bought a roomba from Woot (yay!).
After all the stress relievers/time savers have been purchased, I use my gut. I picture myself owning one item and not owning the others that I think I want. Do I have a queasy feeling or has a weight been lifted from my shoulders? Then I go to the next item and visualize that goal. I kind of get a feel for which ones make me feel lighter. If they are all the same, we just stash the cash b/c if it’s not making you feel lighter, then maybe we don’t really need it?
We feel we should get very excited when we get something. Like when my aunt bought us a cat genie (time saver– this was also a stress reliever as i am claustrophobic in that tiny closet) as a wedding present. No more shuffling cat *&$% in the world’s tiniest closet! yay again!
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I’m currently borrowing a method I saw on Ramit’s site (www.iwillteachyoutoberich.com) where I decide where I want to save my “next hundred dollars” and then use that to break down whatever amount I’m saving that month.
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I too, use multiple accounts at ING, and I often find that I am not really planning very well which account I’m stashing my savings into, and why (beyond my emergency fund). I think I’m going to simplify and streamline the process by pruning it down to only to accounts at ING – the emergency fund and just a “savings” account.
Smartypig sounds really interesting as well – perhaps I’ll use it for “specific” things I want to save for. Actually, with the ING rates the way they are, I may only leave the emergency fund there and begin using Smartypig for my other online savings…
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My biggest problem is with prioritizing saving vs debt repayment. Even if I throw every extra cent I have at my student loans, it’s still a 9 year paydown(70K will do that to you…). In the meantime, I do not want to spend 9 years waiting to *start* saving to get married, buy a house, etc. I keep jumping between piling everything into student loans, putting it all into savings, then pulling everything out of savings and throwing it at my student loans. No wonder my finances are a mess!
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Hmmm. Good thought provoking post. I guess I do a combination b/w snowball and making a list of priorities. The wife and I sit down and discuss our short/medium/long term goals to decide what and how much to save for. Right now we are trying to save up for a remodel…
MLP
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I’m not sure the debt snowball would work for me. Things I’m saving for:
* retirement
* next car
* car maintenance
* home maintenance
* self maintenance (medical)
* big stuff (vacations, computer, furniture)
* house remodel
I really like Roth IRAs, and if I don’t max those out each year, I can’t catch up later. This is my favorite thing, but if I wait for that to be financed before I do anything else, that would suck.
All the maintenance stuff is maintenance. So long as I want a car, house, and self, I have to keep contributing to this. Maybe you’d call it a need more than a want, or at least a more basic want.
That leaves only big stuff and house remodel. For most vacations, I’m taking advantage of opportunities, like joining friends on vacation, which I do not know about in enough time to save up, so I just contribute some every month so that I never have to say no just because I don’t have the money.
Actually, none of my savings have a specific timeframe from which I can calculate. Nor do I necessarily know how much I would be spending. I’m not buying another car until my current car is totaled, which could happen tomorrow or could happen never. I just put in a certain amount per month and figure the longer it takes, the better car I can afford. Same with when I bought my house. I just saved what I could afford for a down payment, and then when I had a minimal amount, I started looking. If I couldn’t find anything I liked for that down payment, I would have waited until I had more and looked again. It’s a similar story with retirement. I’ll retire when I have enough money, which I hope will be long before I’m 65.
I guess I’m kind of snowballing house renovation by putting my last raise mostly into that instead of into retirement, because I’m just so sick of not having a dishwasher and am hoping an architect will have additional ideas on how to make my current space more usable.
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I have 1 checkings account and one savings account. I save as much as possible (obviously I do splurge) and every January I immediately max out my IRA (I also do 401k). If I dip into my emergency fund, then so be it which isn’t so big since my emergency fund is 6 months of expenses which include my splurges. My IRA only dips into about 1-1.5 months of my emergency. I then replenish it fairly fast.
Then for the rest of the year, I just keep saving and if I want something, I typically get it. I’m more spontaneous so I don’t really say, “This year I want this, this, and that.” So I just have a bunch of money in one account and when I want something, I’ll look at my account and see if it’s a good idea to get or not.
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My first priority (I don’t have any debt) was to save a $10,000 emergency fund. Now that that is accomplished I have it tucked away in a 3 month term deposit which I just roll over whenever it matures. I also have 3 savings accounts (similar to ing but earning 5percent) which are divided into long, medium and short term goals-or house deposit, overseas trip and new laptop. Coincidentally these goals are also in order of amount- $50,000, $6,000 and $1,500. Each week I put $500 toward the house deposit, $250 toward my trip and anything that is left over unspent from my budgeted expenses toward the laptop, which is usually about $50-$100. There is no deadline for the house deposit though ideally it will be achieved by December 2009. I have to have the trip saved for by November this year. When I originally worked out these amounts I took into account how long I had to save and how much I needed. I guess the laptop will come to me soon enough but there is no “need” for it so it gets the lowest priority- I should get there by may though. Then, unless my other goals are off-track I’ll think of a new short term goal.
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I’ve got the same problem now that my EF is almost complete. I want to save for a house, a wedding somedau, and vacations!
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I usually use the “shoot first, ask questions later” strategy of savings. I put my efforts into finding ways to get more money into my savings account, and then once that is running I start to think about what I want to spend the money on.
I do believe that there is “power in focus” and like JDs original suggestion of “allocating” a minimum balance to each goal and then snowballing the current one. Seems like this will ensure that you’re making progress on each goal, and feeling like you’re really going to accomplish one of them in a reasonable amount of time.
Unlike debt, it seems like personal preference should dictate the Order in which you save for each goal (on the debt snowball, you start with the smallest balance. You could do that, but you may find that you never make much progress saving for the bigger items you want/need)
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I love Dave Ramsey’s 7 baby steps
1: $1000 in an emergency fund
2: Pay off all debt with The Debt Snowball
3: 3 to 6 months expenses in savings
4: Invest 15% of income into Roth IRAs and pre-tax retirement plans
5: College funding
6: Pay off your home early
7: Build wealth and give!
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