How to Build Wealth, Ignore Wall Street, and Get on With Your Life
Published on - May 13th, 2009 (by J.D. Roth) This is a guest post rom Bill Schultheis, author of The New Coffeehouse Investor: How to Build Wealth, Ignore Wall Street, and Get On With Your Life. Schultheis is an investment advisor in Kirkland, Washington. To learn more, visit his website.
What a difference a decade makes.
Ten years ago everyone was chasing the next hot stock. Equity markets were generating double digit annual returns and dot-com companies were doubling overnight. Greed was widespread in the psyche of investors and no one wanted to miss out on the next sure thing: a social epidemic of excitement running rampant.
Everyone was getting rich.
Quickly.
Or so it seemed.
Fast-forward to today and everyone is running for cover. The country is mired in a deep recession and major stock market indices have declined over 40 percent from their highs. Fear has set in with investors of all ages. Our country is now struggling with a social epidemic of pessimism as investors cope with how to build back portfolios that have been sliced in half.
With one eye on the grim economic headlines and the other on a depleted portfolio, there is a tendency to think that everything is out of your control, and, unfortunately, that is when financial paralysis sets in.
Despite all the bad news thrown at us by an overbearing media, the truth is that you are in control of your financial future, and now is the time to recognize it and take charge of it. Why is this so important now? I am not saying this is an opportunity of a lifetime, but because of the significant declines in the stock market, current valuations suggest that the next decade, and beyond, are likely to generate attractive returns in common stocks. Don’t let this next decade pass you by.
In my book, The New Coffeehouse Investor, first introduced in 1999 and now in its third edition, I share three simple principles to guide you in building wealth. These are principles you already know to be true and in your control.
- Save for a rainy day. Establishing your own personal financial plan is paramount to building long-term wealth. In doing so, you create an awareness of whether or not your current saving and spending levels translate into achievable financial goals down the road. If not, what changes need to be made? You might not be able to make enough adjustments immediately to reach your savings goal, but at least you have created an awareness of the gap between today’s current saving and spending levels and your future expectations. Then, when saving and spending choices come up in the future, this financial awareness is at least present at your decision-making table.
- Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. The key to building a successful portfolio and reaching your financial goals is to diversify your assets in such a way that you maximize your chances of achieving your goals with a minimum amount of risk. The personal financial plan you have created for yourself brings clarity to your saving and spending issues. It also allows you to determine how to best allocate your investments between stocks, bonds, real estate and other asset classes to achieve a required rate of return based on a level of risk that is appropriate for you in relation to your goals and where you are in your life.
- There is no such thing as a free lunch. Because markets are relatively efficient, any attempt at beating the market through the selection of individual stocks or actively managed mutual funds is likely to prove disastrous to your long-term financial health. The smartest way to build a globally diversified portfolio is through a line-up of low-cost index funds. This investing strategy is at the core of Coffeehouse Investor portfolios. Wall Street will forever tout its stock picking prowess. Don’t let them gamble with your money. Low-cost index funds are the surest way to capture the entire return in any asset class over the long haul.
The benefits of embracing these three principles are straightforward. First, from an investing standpoint, you maximize your return potential in each asset class by capturing its entire return. Second, and more important, it allows you the emotional freedom to turn your attention away from Wall Street and focus on the one component of wealth that matters most of all: How much you save and spend.
The financial media is quick to remind us that we are a nation of irresponsible, overspending consumers, living for today at the expense of saving for tomorrow. Along with the woeful tales of those who spend too much is another story that needs to be told: that of millions of Americans who do want to take responsibility for their saving and investing decisions by making the right choices today.
The problem is that we have been so inundated by the financial industry’s marketing machine over the past quarter century, that we have been brainwashed into thinking that the secret to our long-term financial well being lies in Wall Street’s hands, instead of our own hands. Nothing could be further from the truth.
For Coffeehouse Investors, our three simple principles allow us to be in charge of our own financial future. We wouldn’t have it any other way.
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Sounds like rational, uncomplicated advice. It’s so easy to get caught up in the hype; I prefer a simple, less emotional approach like this one.
Thanks for the post, Bill.
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While I appreciate the sentiment, we are most definately NOT in control of our own financial future, and that type of thinking creates a false sense of security.
Even the suggestions above put your fate into someone else’s hands: index funds, real estate, etc. All of those investments will be affected by external events outside of your control — index funds took the same type of beating that actively managed funds did.
Rather than preaching that we need to take control, one should have a sense of that things that are not in your control — stocks, real estate — and those that are — investing in your own skills/business, cash, bonds (I know, still risk of loss, but legal protections for your capital).
You can then decide a mix you’re comfortable with. Call it your “In Control” and “Out of My Control” portfolios. And then repeat the serenity prayer…
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Long-term, buy & hold, index fund investing: There’s a reason it’s practiced by just about every unbiased observer of the financial markets.
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Bill,
Good article and well put together, but you do seem to be stuck in the rut of wall street investments.
The three pieces of advice is sound, whether you are considering an investment or advising your child about his or her future.
In your article you mention that”control of your financial future” and then unfortunately return to give advise about investing in the stock market. What happened to investing in your own skill sand potential business like Tim recommends?
I have consulted in 14 different countries that have gone through financial turmoil long before this current world wide crisis got to us and in most of the (developing and other) countries the individuals that really made a difference to their financial independence were the once that actually put their so called job security at risk and backed their own skills to increase their wealth.
It is true that there are also tales of failure here, but the percentage success of people seeking their wealth in areas where they were in control outstripped any other wealth building mechanism. most of the successful entrepreneurs started in areas where they have special skills. the ones who exploited their favorite hobby and converted that into a business were especially successful.
I am sure that investments in the stock market will continue to grow over the next decades, however there is a new bread of entrepreneurs in the world that is slowly but surely making a significant difference to their own wealth, and at the same time they are enjoying it.
I still have to meet one of these businessmen who is looking forward to retirement. In fact I spoke to one such guy just this morning. He lives in Western Australia (Perth), is 66 years old and plans to expand is business to Canada. That does not sound like a guy who is planning for retirement, and I have seen his balance sheet, financially speaking he can retire 100 times over but enjoys what is is doing to much to stop now.
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Good post. It’s advice that’s been repeated a thousand times…probably because it’s right.
@Tim — You’re right that broad trends in asset classes might be out of your control. But you can control your savings rate. Taking how much you save from 10% to 15% or 20% makes up for peculiar performances in the market. I think you’re basically saying the same thing with your “In Control” portfolio.
So much money is in the hands of professional money managers, that if you put every actively managed mutual fund together, they would about perform the same as an index fund, except for the increased fee taken out. So by picking an index fund with a low fee, you have a slightly more than 50% chance of beating actively managed funds over a long period of time.
I don’t think it’s because markets are efficient. I think it’s probably because managers are under tremendous pressure to make shortterm gains over longterm investments that might not pay off for years. They can’t always just invest for the longterm, because if their investments underperform while they wait for their companies to be recognized by the rest of the market, they might lose their jobs.
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I think this is a good post. However, I think it still has an overconfident attitude. Buy-and-hold investors *expect* to get, conservatively, a 6% annual return on average over the long run. Many expect 10%. Why? Because that’s how it’s always been. But that is a gross oversimplification. The marketplace changes wildly, especially with regard to regulation. Tomorrow the government could pass a new regulation that makes all historical data irrelevant to future returns. In fact, it may have already happened. You won’t know until you get the returns.
So to be so confident that “setting it and forgetting it” will build wealth is a little risky. There are a lot of ways you could lose money, especially when you factor in taxes and inflation.
While I applaud the cautionary tone of this post and the criticism of the exuberance of a few years ago, I think it stops short of rationality. I do not agree that investing in securities is the way to build wealth. I think that is the way to protect wealth from inflation. Meanwhile, the way to build wealth is through production of things of value, either your labor or another product/service.
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Well, I did all the right stuff as did my parents. And we still lost 40% on our index investments. This may turn out OK for me, but my mother is in her late 70s. As many have said, there was no safe haven in the recent downturn.
So hopefully all the “common wisdom” will turn out to be right…but who knows?
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It is sound advice, and I like the title, “The Coffee House Investor,” but so many books say this exact same thing that I wonder what inspired you to write it? It’s not a fresh or different take on investing or managing your finances. Not that it has to be – I guess you can’t hear this logic too many times. I mean no offense by this comment, as I’m sure it’s a fine book, but I am curious as to what inspired you to enter the PF/Investing book foray with this idea.
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It is this sort of article that is the true “marketing machine,” in my assessment.
The market is not “nearly efficient.” It is wildly inefficient. At the top of the out-of-control bull, stocks were selling at three times fair value. A regression analysis showed that the most likely 10-year return from the purchase of a broad U.S. index fund was a negative number. An efficient market would never permit stock prices to rise so high that the long-term return became a negative number.
And the problem did not come about because most of us were trying to pick “hot stocks.” The “experts” have been pushing Passive Investing down our throats for three decades now and most of us bought in. That’s the problem.
It makes no sense to stick at the same stock allocation when prices go to the insane levels where they were from 1995 through 2008. The “experts” should have been warning us about what happens when we ignore this common-sense investing wisdom.
Passive Investing has failed. It needs to be replaced with something that satisfies the dictates of the common-sense observation that price matters when buying stocks just as it does when buying anything else.
Rob
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I like the author’s emphasis on self-sufficiency and steering away from Wall Street stocks as our financial salvation. I have empathy for people whose assets have largely disappeared in the downturn. But at the same time, the more grandiose our culture’s expectations of returns on investment have become, the more we set ourselves up for debacles like Exxon and more recently, Bernie Madoff’s scheme. It defies common sense and ethics to expect wealth without work (Gandhi’s insight, not mine). I explain this more here: http://www.diamondcutlife.org/ken-madoff-and-wealth-without-work/
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“The key to building a successful portfolio and reaching your financial goals is to diversify your assets in such a way that you maximize your chances of achieving your goals with a minimum amount of risk.”
‘Nuff said.. How you get there is a whole other subject. Life is about risks. Some risks you can control somewhat and some you can’t control at all. I will NEVER buy another individual stock without being hedged.. THAT is controlling risk..
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Good advice and something that I can attest to.
My 401k (nearly 20 years) never dropped below my contribution levels. In fact at the bottom (if we’ve hit bottom) was still 50% above my (and employer match) contributions.
On the other hand, my actively managed fund has dropped below my investment. Although I only opened it a few years ago. In the last month it’s regained most of my investment back.
Lets just say that my fingers are crossed on my individual stock picks.
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Great post. I wish I would have started out using index funds when I began investing in 1995. Going forward, I try to use index funds almost exclusively. But sometimes the allure of the single stock gets to me…
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A few comments. . .
For 8 years following the release of the first book, I wrote a weekly column for a local paper, posted on my web site as well – 384 in all. I consistently reminded investors that before you blindly invest in the stock market, determine whether or not you need to invest in the stock market and take on the additional risk. I know countless people who live a successful life, are successful investors, who don’t have anything in the stock market, everything in CDs and municipal bonds. That is my goal when I retire (though I love my work and never plan to retire.)
IF you do decide to commit money to the stock market, the most efficient way to invest in the stock market to maximize your return potential is through low cost index funds.
For those who suggest that the best way to build lasting wealth is through your own entrepreneurship, I couldn’t agree more. That is why I wrote the book. So that you can turn your attention away from the stock market and daily ups and downs of Wall Street and focus on your own passions, your own dreams, your own gifts to make this a better world. That is ultimately what gives us life and energy. In the recently released third edition, I write an entire chapter on this topic.
For investors who are getting close to retirement and have lost 40 percent or more in last year’s bear market, I feel for them, and is another reason why I wrote the book, trying to explain the importance of asset allocation, the second Coffeehouse principle. Using Vanguard founder John Bogle’s rule of thumb, matching your fixed income allocation to your age means that a 60-65 year old investor would be down 10-15 percent total in the recent bear market. Not fun, but hardly a devastating financial experience.
Rob Bennett, thanks for your comments, I will respond later today, as you bring up some very interesting points, and will share my thoughts.
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I also reviewed this book, nice advice he gives
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I like the part about ignoring Wall Street. Colluding with the media, they hardly have the common man’s interests at heart. Investors should take heed and seek out more independent money mangers that are less hype and more substance.
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Only one minor quibble here Bill from me. The efficient market hypothesis is bunk, practically. Markets are loosely efficient, but they hardly are efficient. There is literature about “positivity premiums and panicked bargains”, something I exploited quite well a few months ago. The problem I see is that the finance guys took some very basic economics courses, but failed to understand how much economic models depend on underlying assumptions, and how wrong those underlying assumptions can be.
After maxing out investing in index funds, choosing other asset classes, including individual companies, or bonds, REIT, commodities, etc, is based on solid economic principles (a whole thing about asset covariance and such).
Just really, must quibble that markets are NOT efficient. That is a good reason to just buy the index, because if its not efficient, its not exactly rational, so good rational insight may not help.
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Buying stocks (or funds composed of them) is the *WORST* way to “ignore Wall Street”. There was a time, several years ago, when I didn’t own any stocks at all. I was free to ignore Wall Street completely. Stock market up or down? Who cares, doesn’t affect me, since I don’t own any stock. I never cared about anything that happened on wall street until I owned stocks, and now checking in on what Wall Street’s been up to is a daily occurrence for me.
And how awesome would it be to read about building wealth by actually *building wealth*, rather than buying a stake in someone else who’s trying to build wealth and hoping that they succeed and take you along for the ride? There’s noting wrong with investing in stocks. It’s an easy way to potentially make some money, and I wont fault anyone for that, but people are talking about it so often that an article or two on building wealth through hard work and good ideas would be refreshing.
My uncle built his own house — literally creating wealth from the ground up. My father started his own business and builds alarm systems, designing and building wealth in his workshop. A man I know built his own sailboat, turning a pile of wood into an object of value.
Buying stocks isn’t building wealth. It’s funding other people who are actually building wealth, and sharing in their profits.
I guess I’m just getting bored of reading about it: “diversify”, “buy index funds”, “hold for the long term”. Ok, fine, it’s not bad advice. But neither is “wash your hands after going to the bathroom” or “look both ways before crossing the street”, and at some point people figured they didn’t need to keep telling me those things over and over.
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This is ridiculous. There is a lot of potential on the stock market now, even during recession.
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Tim: have got to disagree with you on your comment that we are not in control of our financial future. For those who choose to be in control, they are in control. It all boils down to saving more than you spend. I have worked with literally thousands of investors in my 27 years in the business, and those who have a firm handle on their spending and saving issues are most definitely in control of their financial future. That is what the Coffeehouse Investor is all about. Ignore the things you can’t control and focus on the things you can. You comment “invest in your own skills/business.” That is the underlying theme of the book! Ignore the daily ups and downs of Wall Street and focus on your dreams and passions. With that said, I do feel that an investment in the stock market is an appropriate investment for the vast majority of investors who have a long term time horizon with a portion of their money. If one does choose to invest in the stock market, then low cost index funds are the obvious solution.
Carl Marx: I couldn’t agree with you more – that investing in one’s own skill and potential is the best investment there is. I see it every day in my own life, and with the folks I work with. The subtitle of my book is “How to build wealth, ignore Wall Street and Get On with your Life.” Because I am such a strong proponent of low cost index funds if one “chooses” to invest in the stock market, some folks mistakenly think that the subtitle of the book is “How to build wealth solely by investing in the stock market, ignore Wall Street, and get on with your life.”
IndepdentOperator: Great comments, great insights. Many people have unrealistic expectations of the stock market, especially when the valuations of the market are high and expected returns are low. I have never been an advocate of “set it and forget it.” I am constantly encouraging investors to review financial game plan at least once a year and adjust allocation based on need and ability to take risk. You comment “I do not agree that investing in securities is the way to build wealth.” I agree with you. But it can be one component of building long term financial and emotional wealth if done in the right way.
Todd: The first edition came out 10 years ago, and while the three principles can be viewed as “stale,” they can also be viewed as timeless. The fact is that millions of investors need to be reminded of the three simple principles, again and again and again to keep them from following the Motley Fools and Jim Cramers of the world. As someone once commented to me, repetition doesn’t just work in rock ‘n roll.
Rob Bennett: There is a big disagreement on the meaning of “efficient markets” in the academic and financial world. “Efficient Markets” means that few investors can consistently beat a benchmark average over time. It does not mean that no one will ever beat it, but predicting who can beat it in advance is a loser’s game and very destructive towards one’s ultimate goal. I agree with you that markets can be highly irrational at times, but even then, they are still relatively efficient at processing information.
You comment “Experts have been pushing Passive Investing down our throats for three decades now and most of us bought in.” Have got to strongly disagree with you on this one. Even though people like Warren Buffett and John Bogle are strong advocates of indexing, the majority of the financial industry still promotes active management. Statistics bear this out. Less than 20 percent of all dollars invested in the stock market on the retail side are in index funds.
I agree with you that prices matter in regards to future returns on equities. How do you suggest one integrates that into a portfolio? I am very familiar with the studies that recognize that valuations matter. Using that information to build portfolios and allocate assets is a challenge, and a slippery one at that.
Alison Wiley: Thanks so much for your comments. I agree with you, society has gotten carried away with expectations on investment returns, and it has set us up for debacles. I devote an entire chapter to that in the third edition of the book. That is why index funds make so much sense if one chooses to invest in the stock market, because it puts the pursuit of performance in perspective.
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I agree with you that prices matter in regards to future returns on equities. How do you suggest one integrates that into a portfolio?
I’m grateful for your response, Bill.
The key is understanding the difference between short-term timing (changing your stock allocation with the expectation of seeing a benefit within a year or two) and long-term timing (changing your stock allocation with the understanding that you may not see a benefit for five years or possibly even ten years). Short-term timing never works. Long-term timing always works. We should be encouraging people to engage in long-term timing as often as we discourage them from engaging in short-term timing. The investor who fails to engage in long-term timing is thereby permitting his risk level to get wildly out of whack from what he had intended it to be when he set his allocation (because the riskiness of stocks is far greater at high valuation levels).
The way to integrate this critically important reality into a portfolio construction strategy is to accept that to “Stay the Course” meaningfully one must keep one’s risk level roughly constant. An investor who stays at the same stock allocation when the risk of owning stocks has increased dramatically is NOT staying the course in a meaningful sense. He is staying the allocation. That’s not at all the same thing.
Indexing is not the problem. Indexing is fantastic. The problem with Passive Investing is the passive part. The problem is the idea that “timing doesn’t work,” that there is no need to change one’s stock allocation in response to big price changes. The data shows that timing always works (and is in fact required for long-term success) as much as it shows that timing never works. It depends on what form of timing you are talking about. Short-term timing never works, long-term timing always works (and is required for long-term success). It is the idea that “timing doesn’t work” (which investors interpret as meaning that ALL forms of timing do not work) which has caused all the trouble.
Here is an article at my site entitled “Market Timing — What Works and What Doesn’t” that sets forth the implementation basics:
http://www.passionsaving.com/market-timing.html
You also might want to check out The Stock-Return Predictor. This calculator uses a regression analysis of the historical data to reveal the most likely 10-year return starting from different valuation levels and thereby to reveal how the long-term value proposition of stocks changes dramatically with big changes in price.
http://www.passionsaving.com/stock-valuation.html
I’d love to get a dialog started with you about these issues. I believe that we need to launch a national debate on the flaws in the Passive Investing model (which would of course also affirm the many wonderful things about this model) and you are obviously in a position to help get something like that off the ground. I’ll send a follow-up e-mail suggesting some possibilities for taking this to the next step.
Rob
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One of the biggest problems with investing is our emotions. In the last decade many people were lead by their emotions instead of common sense. Wall Street knows this very well and they are working hard to control our emotions.
Markets are down and there is a potential for growth and return, if you do it right. Find a financial advisor who knows what she/he is doing. One of the mistakes financial planners and advisors made in the last couple of years is not taking the time to know their clients well. Just because the market was great that does not change a person risk taking approach. Often when investors are saying that they are OK with risk they do NOT mean that they are ok to loose 20-30% of their investments. I can see in my experience that those who took the time and made the right investment choice they lost less. Do not make emotional investment choices.
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Hi Bill,
For years Rob Bennett has been promoting an investing system called Valuation Informed Indexing. He has a name and marketing slogans like “the human mind cannot imagine a better system” but what he doesn’t have is a definition of what it actually is. For many years now, he has been appearing on forums and blogs and claiming that he is ahead of the market regardless of how the market has performed.
Rob has repeatedly been asked to define the system or to compare its returns to the Coffeehouse portfolio. Here are a few recent examples of requests for comparisons to Coffeehouse:
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1241871189/30#30
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1240494169/26#26
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1240879140/28#28
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1240790444/39#39
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1242134244/8#8
As you can see, Rob is a very frequent poster at that forum (user ID hocus2009), but these requests are met with silence. I wish you luck at getting a testable definition of Rob’s system.
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Rob has repeatedly been asked to define the system or to compare its returns to the Coffeehouse portfolio.
After responding to Bill Schultheis yesterday on this thread (see Bill’s Comment #20 and my comment #21), I sent him a follow-up e-mail making the case for why we need a national debate on the flaws in the Passive Investing model. Bill said that he had checked out my site after seeing my first post and that his reaction was: “Holy Toledo, this is great stuff!” He noted that there are many issues at play and said that he wanted to take a few days to think things through before responding at length. He thanked me for beginning the dialog. I of course said that that sounded great and that I too looked forward to further discussions.
An entire section of my site is devoted to describing the Valuation-Informed Indexing strategy. The short version is that this is an approach to indexing in which the investor changes his stock allocation in response to big price swings. A Valuation-Informed Indexer would have been going with a high stock allocation from 1975 through 1995 (because stock valuations were low or moderate). He would have been going with a low stock allocation from 1995 through the first part of 2008 (because valuations were insanely high). He would now be at a moderate stock allocation (valuations are fair but we are still working through the damage done to the market and the economy by the long time-period of insane prices).
Valuation-Informed Indexing always provides better risk-adjusted long-term returns than Passive Indexing. There is a calculator at my web site (“The Investor’s Scenario Surfer”) that you can use to check this out for yourself. The calculator lets an investor choose his stock allocation for each year of a 30-year return sequence (that is consistent with the returns sequences we have always seen in the historical record) and compare his results with what he would have seen had he followed a rebalancing strategy. Valuation-informed strategies leave you ahead about 90 percent of the time. I think it is fair to say that a strategy that puts you ahead only 10 percent of the time is a higher-risk strategy. So I think it is fair to say that Valuation-Informed Indexing always beats rebalancing on a risk-adjusted basis.
It is not hard to understand why. The valuation level that applies on the day you purchase an index is the price tag that applies for that purchase. Price matters with anything you buy, including stocks. To invest passively is to ignore price. If you do not change your stock allocation in response to big price swings, you are ignoring price in your stock investing decisions (rebalancing is a small effort to take price into consideration but not nearly sufficient considering the extent to which price has always affected long-term returns in the past). That cannot possibly be a good thing. The historical data shows that it is in fact a very bad thing.
I am trying to launch a national debate on these questions. It is my view that the heavy promotion and subsequent popularity of the idea that “timing never works” caused the economic crisis. The only brake on an out-of-control market is investor fear that there will be a price to be paid for investing heavily in stocks at times of insane prices. The widespread promotion of the Passive concept took away that fear. So we destroyed our market and our economy. We need to get about the business of rebuilding both. That means talking straight to middle-class investors about what we know today (which is a great deal more than what we knew at the time the Passive concept was developed) about the effect of valuations on long-term returns.
There is not one investor on Planet Earth who would be hurt by a civil and reasoned discussion of the realities. There is a mountain of evidence showing that valuations affect long-term returns and that, while short-term timing never works, long-term timing ALWAYS works. For people to understand these things, they need to be able to ask questions and explore the ideas from different angles. The first step to making that happen is overcoming the oppressive dogmatism that has come to characterize the Passive Investing mindset in recent years. The advocates of Passive Investing have made many wonderful contributions to our understanding of stock investing. But their blind and stubborn dogmatism on the “timing never works” claim has caused more human misery than any other mistake in the history of personal finance, in my assessment.
I am hopeful that Bill may be willing and able to help us get discussions of these matters on a better track than the one they have been traveling for the past seven years (these discussions began with a post that I put to a Motley Fool discussion board in May 2002). I am certainly grateful and encouraged that he has shown a willingness to at least explore the issues a bit with an open and fair-minded and friendly attitude. That’s what we need to see from all Passive Investing advocates to bring things to the place where we all deep in our hearts very much want things to go.
Challenging questions advance the learning process. Negative attitude holds back the learning process. We all should be pleased and excited about the idea of learning more about how stock investing works in the real world.
Rob
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Did you notice that in all that typing, Rob still didn’t answer the question? So did I.
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Hi Rob,
A little background on The Coffeehouse Investor: I spent 14 years working for a wirehouse brokerage firm, stepping away from it in 1998 to create The Coffeehouse Investor. My audience for the book were the folks I met for coffee every saturday morning at a local coffeehouse in Seattle. These are successful people, most had families, recognized that building wealth was much more than the size of a bank account, and yet wanted to invest their 401k’s, retirement plans, in an intelligent manner.
I felt there were thousands, probably millions of investors like them, who wanted clarity with their investment decisions.
So, with those types of folks as an audience, how do you suggest they build a portfolio using your valuation method? John Bogle uses a simple rule of thumb to equate your bond allocation to your age. For most investors that probably makes sense. How would you vary from that? Warren Buffett, in a recent newsletter said, “Beware of Geeks bearing formulas.” I think Buffett has sound advice for the vast majority of investors who want to do the right thing.
I recognize that the market swings from being overvalued to being undervalued. I have yet to see anyone who can consistently take advantage of that. The easiest thing in the world to do is look backward and find patterns/valuations that could have been extremely profitable had one acted on them. Doing so in the future is a much larger challenge, and, a slippery one at that.
I am not saying that a person shouldn’t tweak portfolios when valuations are extremely high or extremely low, based on their inclination and risk tolerance. But am curious what you suggest for the millions of investors who have 401k plans and want to do the right thing with their investments. Should they all follow your valuation model?
Someboday once said that the enemy of a good plan is a perfect plan, and I think it applies to investing as well.
Bill
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Bill,
As you conclude your post, the advice is to steer away from Wall Street marketing gurus. A few years ago they were able to bamboozle pretty knowledgeable financial people into buying subprime mortgages on the secondary market and look at the results. A disaster. Your three points are a solid foundation. Learn the basics of investing and do it yourself.
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Very interesting discussion. Rob Bennett’s valued informed index strategy is an updated version [using index mutual funds] of Benjamin Graham’s ideas as he wrote about 50 years ago [The Intelligent Investor]. You overweight stocks when they are relatively cheap and underweight them when they are expensive. It also combines what the trend followers insist is the only important factor, price, with the diversification of index funds. That advice is followed by Warren Buffett and many others sans the index funds. There is no doubt that this is sage advice as it has proven in the hands of experts to work very well. Rob said it very well here: “Passive Investing has failed. It needs to be replaced with something that satisfies the dictates of the common-sense observation that price matters when buying stocks just as it does when buying anything else.”
As to the Bill’s assertion that Buffett is an “advocate of indexing” he couldn’t be more wrong.
Indexing is all about diversification and here are a couple of quotes from Buffett about diversification:
“Wide diversification is only required when investors do not understand what they are doing” and “Risk can be greatly reduced by concentrating on only a few holdings.” And of course he is famous for concentrating his investments especially in the early years when that was possible for him.
I think this next quote is the most telling and provides with something real to think about:
“Unless you can watch your stock holding decline by 50% without becoming panic-stricken, you should not be in the stock market.”
Finally, Bill mentioning that Bogle suggests index funds is laughable because that is exactly how Bogle makes his money, by selling index funds to the masses! Hardly a unbiased source!
The real problems come into play when you take a look at the very real large drawdowns in index fund returns that happen, on average, every 11 years and take upwards to 7 years to recover from. This makes the timing of turning your index funds into income production for retirement very, very risky and really totally dependent upon luck.
There is, of course, much to love about the apparent simplification of index funds investing, its just that life [and the market] are never that simple!
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Response to Post #25
“Did you notice that in all that typing, Rob still didn’t answer the question? ”
What Lindsay wants me to do cannot be done.
By “define the system” Lindsay means “tell me what stock allocation I should be at when stocks are at the various P/E10 levels.”
There is no responsible answer that I can give to that question. It depends on the particular investor’s life goals, financial circumstances and risk tolerance. There is no one-size-fits-all answer.
What would John Bogle say if you said to him: “We want to test your ‘system,’ tell us what stock allocation all investors should go with?” He could answer in a general way. He could say that stocks offer a strong enough value proposition that most should be going with a stock allocation of 50 percent or more. But he would have to include caveats if he wanted to respond responsibly. He would have to note that for some the proper allocation might be a bit less than 50 percent and for others the proper allocation might be a good bit more than that.
It’s the same with Valuation-Informed Indexing. I can say that investors should always lower their stock allocations when prices rise to dangerous levels. And I can say that investors should always increase their stock allocations when prices drop to levels where the long-term return is absolutely mouth-watering. But I cannot give one stock allocation that should apply for each P/E10 level. It would not be responsible to do so and it would not be correct to do so and it helps no one for me to pretend otherwise.
It always makes sense to consider price when buying anything you buy, including stocks. That much I can say with certainty. There are a multitude of strategies by which this critically important reality of investing can be implemented in a portfolio strategy. All investors should be discussing the various possibilities on a daily basis. That’s how we refine and develop our knowledge of what works. The problem today is that a good number of Passive Investing advocates have ruled such discussions out of bounds on grounds that to even discuss the merits of different strategies suggests that it is not right to say that “timing never works.”
They’re right about that. The Passive Investing dogmatists want us to give up what we can learn from discussion of the many possible valuation-informed strategies to protect the dogma that “timing never works.” I want us to give up the dogma that “timing never works” so that we can learn from discussion of the many possible valuation-informed strategies. The Passive Investing dogmatists and the Valuation-Informed Indexing advocates are working at cross purposes.
The dogmatism is hurting us all. Big time.
Rob
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Response to Post #26
“with those types of folks as an audience, how do you suggest they build a portfolio using your valuation method? John Bogle uses a simple rule of thumb to equate your bond allocation to your age. For most investors that probably makes sense. How would you vary from that?”
Bogle recommends that investors change their stock allocations in response to three factors: (1) life goals; (2) financial circumstances; and (3) risk tolerance. Bogle says that someone near retirement should go with a stock allocation different from what he would go with when he was not near retirement because his life goals are different (the investor near retirement is not in a position where he should be putting as much of his life savings at risk). He also says that financial circumstances should be considered. The investor who has already saved far more than what he needs for retirement might elect not to put too much of that money at risk in stocks. Finally, Bogle says that risk tolerance should be considered. Some investors are less able emotionally to accept losses. Those people should not be going with the same stock allocations as those who do not get as upset to experience losses.
I add a fourth factor. I say that investors should also consider the added riskiness of stocks that comes into play when prices are at insanely dangerous levels. The added risk that comes with sky-high valuations is certainly as big a factor as the three that Bogle takes into consideration. Why should the less important factors be considered and the most important one be ignored?
Valuation-Informed Indexing need not be complicated at all. It is entirely suitable for investors seeking a simple approach
A simple rule would be to go with a stock allocation of 90 percent when prices are amazingly low and the long-term value proposition is mouth-wateringly high (a P/E10 level below 12), a stock allocation of 60 percent when prices are in a moderate range and the long-term value proposition is strong (a P/E10 level from 12 to 21) and a stock allocation of 30 percent when the long-term value proposition is poor (a P/E10 level above 21). There is no need for Valuation-Informed Indexers to make more than one allocation shift every eight or ten years on average. There is no need to check the P/E10 level more than once per year. And, if the experts made it a practice to let indexers know when stock prices had gotten so high that the danger of investing in stocks had grown great, investors would hardly need to check the numbers on their own at all. They could just act on the warnings given by the experts (Bogle has delivered such warnings on several occasions — unfortunately, he has not specifically told indexers what action to take in response to the warning; investors need to be told in clear and firm terms that they need to lower their stock allocations until prices return to reasonable levels).
“The easiest thing in the world to do is look backward and find patterns/valuations that could have been extremely profitable had one acted on them. Doing so in the future is a much larger challenge, and, a slippery one at that.”
There is no need to look for “patterns,” Bill. We know that the risk/reward ratio for stocks is far less appealing when prices are high. That’s all we need to know to know that the same stock allocation that made sense when prices were low cannot possibly also make sense when prices are high. Investors should be setting their stock allocation with the goal of taking on the proper amount of risk. Big valuation shifts change the risk level. So allocation changes are mandatory for those seeking to “Stay the Course” in a meaningful sense (that is, to keep the risk level taken on roughly constant).
The Stock-Return Predictor (a calculator at my site) provides the information needed to set one’s stock allocation properly. The calculator says nothing about what sort of return pattern is likely to pop up. It tells the investor the range of possible returns that apply at the different valuation levels. Knowing the range, the investor knows roughly what his stock allocation should be. He doesn’t know with precision what return he will obtain. But he knows what he needs to know to keep his risk level roughly constant.
The investor who fails to change his stock allocation knows with certainty that he was taking on the wrong level of risk either at the time when valuations were high or at the time when valuations were low. How could deliberately following a policy insured to produce the wrong stock allocation at some times possibly be the right way to go? It is better to get things roughly right than to be certain of at times getting them dangerously wrong. Leaving your stock allocation at the same level when prices have climbed to sky-high levels is not a neutral choice. It is a reckless choice. Millions of middle-class Americans have lost a large portion of their life savings because of this highly unfortunate Passive Investing recommendation.
“I am not saying that a person shouldn’t tweak portfolios when valuations are extremely high or extremely low, based on their inclination and risk tolerance.”
Tweaking doesn’t do the job, Bill. At the top of the bubble, the historical data shows that the most likely long-term return on stocks was a negative number. Many Passive Investors were going with stock allocations of 60 percent or 70 percent or even 80 percent at the time. The proper stock allocation for the vast majority was more in the neighborhood of 20 percent or perhaps 30 percent. Going from 60 percent to 20 percent is not tweaking. We need to advocate something more dramatic than tweaking.
“Should they all follow your valuation model?”
I believe that all indexers should follow a Valuation-Informed Indexing strategy rather than a Passive strategy. I provide the four calculators at my site as tools to guide investors seeking to make effective valuation-informed choices. But I don’t think that it is at all healthy for people to be looking to only one person for guidance on these questions. I am a flawed human too with my own set of prejudices and biases. I would like to see hundreds of web sites offer access to hundreds of tools aimed at helping investors make effective valuation-informed choices. The more who are involved in giving guidance in this area, the better the guidance provided will be. I’d like to hear you offer recommendations in this area, Bill. And I’d like to hear Bogle do the same. And Bernstein. And Swedroe. And Mel Lindauer. And on and on. The more who get involved, the better, in my assessment.
“Somebody once said that the enemy of a good plan is a perfect plan, and I think it applies to investing as well.”
The failure to tell people of the need to take valuations into consideration when setting their stock allocations is not a minor imperfection in the Passive Indexing approach, in my view. It is a huge flaw. The analytical errors in the Old School safe-withdrawal rate studies alone are likely to cause millions of busted retirements. I believe that this mistake is big enough to bring on the collapse of The Indexing Revolution if it is not fixed. I believe that it is imperative that a national debate be launched in which the errors in the first draft of the Passive model will be explored in depth and as a result of which the most damaging errors will be fixed. It does no one any good for the process to be delayed or stretched out. The errors are serious. We need to acknowledge them, fix them, and get that part of this business behind us. Once there is a consensus that the errors need to be fixed, we are looking at smooth sledding all the way home. Indexing is wonderful when done right. The problem has been a reluctance on the part of many who have advocated the Passive model to be forthcoming about the extent of the problem they have inadvertently created by jumping to hasty conclusions and then by becoming unwillingly to embrace findings at odds with the findings responsible for the earlier thinking re these matters.
Rob
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“What would John Bogle say”
John Bogle doesn’t claim it’s impossible to provide data or make comparisons. In fact, he does this all the time. Likewise the coffeehouse portfolio has published returns because it’s a real methodology.
Rob recently stated that he just keeps saying the name of his undefined investment system in the hopes that it will become a big search term on google and he can make money off that. “If it works, it should pay off big.” See:
http://www.four-pillars.ca/2009/05/21/leveraging-old-blog-posts/#comments
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1241703133/11#11
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First, my thanks to J.D. for going to a lot of trouble in getting my last two comments on this thread to appear here. There was a technical mix-up that probably resulted from the site redesign and I was not able to get the comments to appear for some time. I believe that the issues being discussed in this thread are of great importance and I am grateful both to J.D. for hosting the guest blog entry and to Bill for writing it and for offering some fine comments. I have been in e-mail communication with both J.D. and Bill in an effort to bring about wider and more in-depth discussion of the issues explored here both at this blog and at lots of other places on the internet. So I was concerned that I was not able to get two of my comments to appear. It took a lot of patience on J.D.’s part to get things straightened out (I believe that the only thing that worked was him typing the comments in himself — I believe that I may have caused a formatting problem in my copy by storing them in an AppleWorks file after I first had a problem getting them to appear). Neither J.D. nor Bill agree with me on the investing issues being discussed. But both have helped me get these ideas before more people. I am grateful.
Lindsay’s comment links to a discussion we are having at the Four Pillars blog about my strategy of writing exclusively about the Valuation-Informed Indexing strategy at my blog (“A Rich Life”). This is in great contrast to the usual strategy of writing about a great variety of topics. This isn’t the place to discuss the merits of the strategy. But there is an investing point implicit in the strategy that I believe is worth highlighting.
What does it mean when I say that “Valuations Matter”?
It means that Emotions Matter.
It is emotions that cause both overvaluation and undervaluation. In an efficient market (a belief in an efficient market is core to the Passive Investing project), overvaluation and undervaluation are both impossible. Why? Because, an efficient market is a rational market (how else could prices be set properly but through rational acts by market participants?). In a rational market, prices always self-adjust. In a rational market, overvaluation causes investors to go to lower stock allocations and lower stock allocations bring prices back to reasonable levels. The very fact that we went to such insane price levels in the 1990s shows that the market is not efficient and that Passive Investing cannot work in the long term.
If we were rational, we would all accept this. If we were rational, there would be no books or calculators or studies arguing otherwise. The trouble is — we are not entirely rational creatures. We are to a large extent emotional creatures. Our emotions cause us to want to invest heavily in stocks at times when the price is high and the long-term value proposition is low. So there is a great demand during out-of-control bulls for books and calculators and studies showing that Passive Investing (sticking to a single stock allocation despite wild price changes) can work. These materials are not the product of human reason. They are the product of human emotion.
But –
Emotions change. When we get to a time-period when Passive Investing provides horrible results for many years in a row, investors become more interested in hearing the realities. We may be in the early years of a shift from Passive (emotional) beliefs about stock investing to Rational (valuation-informed) beliefs about stock investing. If that’s so, then my strategy of focusing my blog on deep examination of the Valuation-Informed Indexing may indeed pay off big time.
The investing point?
Don’t assume that the things you hear about investing at a time of out-of-control prices are the product of the best thinking on the subject. If valuations matter (and there are many who say they do), you need to discount all that you hear about investing to take account of the valuation level that applies at the time. We were hearing during the years of insane prices that insane prices don’t matter that much because prices were so insane. Investing analysis is a closed system of thought. You can only get outside of it and see things objectively by making adjustments to what you hear based on the level of emotion pervading the market at the time. And you learn about what level of emotion applies by looking at the valuation level that applies.
Rob
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John Bogle doesn’t claim it’s impossible to provide data or make comparisons. In fact, he does this all the time. Likewise the coffeehouse portfolio has published returns because it’s a real methodology.
Nor do I say that it’s impossible to provide data or make comparisons. It is by providing data and making comparisons re the various strategies that we all learn.
There is a calculator at my site (“The Investor’s Scenario Surfer”) that permits the user to see how any Valuation-Informed Indexing strategy that he wishes to explore fares over the course of a 30-year returns sequence in comparison to any rebalancing strategy. I am obviously encouraging people to look at the data and to make comparisons.
What I do not encourage is the idea of trying to identify one particular stock allocation that all should go with at each particular P/E10 level.
Why do I feel so strongly that a one-size-fits-all approach can never work? Because of what I learned from John Bogle. Bogle says that adjustments need to be made taking into consideration the investor’s life goals, financial circumstances and risk tolerance.
The only difference between what Bogle says and what I say is that I say that adjustments are also needed for a fourth factor — the valuation level that applies at the time the allocation level is being set. There is no one stock allocation level that makes sense at all valuation levels for any investor.
Rob
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“Nor do I say that it’s impossible to provide data or make comparisons”
Great, so you’re going to get around to answering the question at some point? It’s come up several times again at your forum. We’re all waiting.
eg:
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1241703133/20#20
http://www.s152957355.onlinehome.us/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1242315333/37#37
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Lindsay, obviously you have some sort of long-term animosity with Mr. Bennett. I did take a look at those links and anyone can cherry pick some years and make a comparison look valid [17 years???]. And anyone can pretend to not understand the point. The S & P 500 is regularly used as an sample index and as such is perfectly fine to use in an comparison. Have you actually looked at his calculators????
You do know that asset allocation strategies is just a way to adjust for relative values, right? That is of course Mr. Bennett’s point.
The obvious question to this late comer to the cat-fight is why the anger? name calling? etc. on both sides. You are free to ignore his thoughts and posts.
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“…anyone can cherry pick some years and make a comparison look valid [17 years???]. And anyone can pretend to not understand the point. The S & P 500 is regularly used as an sample index and as such is perfectly fine to use in an comparison.”
Seventeen years because Bill Schultheis posts the annual returns for the Coffeehouse Portfolio dating back to its creation in 1991, 17 years. Yes, the S&P 500 is regulary used as a sample index. All the more reason for Rob to show a comparison of the returns for his strategy versus the S&P 500 and/or the S&P 500 in combination with bonds, say 60/40 for past periods of time.
Rob claims his S&P timing system is superior to all passive strategies. Here’s his chance to show how the returns compare for the same period versus a diversified passive strategy, the Coffeehouse Portfolio since its creation in 1991. And how his strategy would have performed against a mix of S&P 500 Index and bonds over the past. Preferably in a simple two column format.
Again, Rob is peddling an alternative system. He should be taking every opportunity to show the superiority of his timing system, not hiding behind a wall of words claiming his method is superior to other strategies but showing no evidence.
Lyndon
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It’s come up several times again at your forum.
That forum is owned by John Greaney, Lindsay. John is the author of one of the Old School retirement studies that have been discredited as a result of the work we have done in the Retire Early and Indexing discussion-board communities over the past seven years (I am the founder of the New School of Safe Withdrawal Rate analysis — please see the Retirement Risk Evaluator calculator at my site and the comments quoted there by numerous big-name experts that the Old School retirement studies do not work). That forum was set up for the purpose of organizing smear campaigns to destroy the various Retire Early and Indexing boards. My voice is the leading voice in both of those communities speaking out in opposition to the tactics employed by the Greaney Goons.
I’ve responded to the question you are asking here on scores of occasions. The rule that I follow is that, when I’ve answered a question so many times that I am myself tired of hearing the answer, it’s time to let go of it. So I have stopped answering the question at that forum. Since this is a different place, I can answer it here.
There is no one Valuation-Informed Indexing strategy for the reasons explained in my post above. Different allocation adjustments are appropriate for different investors. If you take the same portfolio as the Coffeehouse Portfolio or the Wellington Fund and instead of following a rebalancing strategy you adjust your stock allocation in response to big price changes, you will achieve higher risk-adjusted returns. I am not able to imagine how there could be any exception to this general rule.
Please note that I said the returns would be higher risk-adjusted returns. There are rare cases where a passive strategy beats a valuation-informed strategy. The calculators (which use the historical data) show that this happens in roughly one in ten tests. But something that works only in one case out of ten is risker than the something that works in nine out of ten tests. So I think it is fair to say that VII is always better on a risk-adjusted basis.
I have not specifically done tests of the Coffeehouse Portfolio or of the Wellington Fund. I think it would be fine if someone did that, but it is obviously going to take more work than testing the S&P index since the calculators permit easy tests of the S&P Index. There’s an important caveat that applies if you do only a 17-year test (as you suggest in the post at the link). The calculator shows that VII beats rebalancing about 90 percent of the time at the conclusion of 30 years. VII is a long-term strategy. The odds are obviously less that it will be ahead at the end of only 17 years. I can’t say what would happen at the conclusion of only 17 years.
The magic of VII is the way that it taps into the power of compounding returns. We never know when a crash is coming. When prices get insanely high, we know with certainty that one is coming. The point of VII is to protect yourself from the crash and then reap the benefits for many years to come. Run a test at the Scenario Surfer and then go back and look through the results year by year to come to understand why VII prevailed in the end. What happens is that sooner or later there is a crash that causes the Passive Investor to fall behind. Sometimes, he only falls behind by a small amount. But the VII investor puts that differential into stocks at a time when prices are reasonable. Over time, the power of compounding causes the differential to grow larger and larger and larger. That’s why the VII investor can sometimes have at the end of 30 years a portfolio of twice the size of that held by the Passive Investor.
The size of the difference caused by compounding is a counter-intuitive phenomenon. We all acknowledge that compounding is a plus. But it is only by looking at the numbers that you can come to appreciate how much of a difference it makes to have compounding working for you instead of against you. The Passive Investor insures that sooner or later compounding will be working against him (because those who do not change their allocations in response to big price swings will sooner or later lose most of their assets in a price crash, thereby giving up many years of forward movement). The VII investor sidesteps the big hits and thereby permits himself to tap into the benefits of long-term compounding in a far more effective way. The idea of taking valuations into account sometimes seems like a small thing in the short term. In the long term, it makes a huge difference.
Rob
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The obvious question to this late comer to the cat-fight is why the anger? name calling? etc. on both sides.
I hope that you are not trying to suggest that there has ever been even an iota of anger or name-calling from the 80 percent of the Retire Early and Indexing discussion-board communities that have on repeated occasions expressed a desire that honest posting on these matters be permitted at those boards. I can assure you that that is not the case. 100 percent of the anger and name-calling has come from the Passives and the defenders of the Old School SWR studies.
I certainly do not say that all Passives engage in such tactics or favor such tactics. That is certainly not even close to being the case. My sense is that the vast majority of Passives are repulsed by them, as are the vast majority of Rationals.
The problem is that most Passives have been reluctant to speak out against the use of the tactics employed by the small percentage of Goon posters that congregate at the boards. Every board at which I have posted has rules in place to protect the communities from these sorts of tactics. At every board, the site owner has failed to enforce the rules in a reasonable way and has banned effective questioning of the Passive concept (presumably because the Passive model is the dominant model today and thus the more popular model for the time-being) rather than the abusive posting employed to block the discussions from going forward.
If these tactics were being employed by Rationals, I would be deeply ashamed. I would want to disassociate myself from these tactics in every way possible. I have long argued that what we need to see for the discussions to become more fruitful is for a few leading Passive Investing advocates to speak out in strong and firm terms in opposition to the Goon posting tactics. Most Passives are good and smart people and add a great deal to the discussions; we cannot hold effective discussions without the strong questioning that only smart Passives can add to the mix. But the responsible Passives must disassociate themselves from the Goon element for the discussions to achieve their potential.
Most ordinary investors are unwilling to participate in discussions as ugly as what these discussions become when the rules that apply at all of our boards are not enforced in a reasonable manner. When we lose the participation of all ordinary investors, the Goons assume dominance and the tone of the discussions changes dramatically. Having responsible Passives step forward and insist (not ask!) that reasonable posting rules be enforced in a reasonable way is the key to making this all work for the 80 percent seeking to learn more about how stock investing works in the real world.
I assure you that there is no one who has spoken out in opposition to the ugliness as often as I have or in as strong language as I have. This has been so dating all the way back to the afternoon of May 13, 2002, the first day of the discussions. I hate trash posting. It makes us all dumber and meaner and smaller instead of smarter and richer and more loving.
Rob
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He should be taking every opportunity to show the superiority of his timing system, not hiding behind a wall of words claiming his method is superior to other strategies but showing no evidence.
The historical data is public information, Lyndon. It is available at Robert Shiller’s web site. Anyone who cares to can check this out 100 different ways.
I have provided four calculators that aid in the checking-it-out process. I have done hundreds of tests myself and I am personally persuaded.
I certainly do not advise that anyone go solely by what I say. You should check it out for yourself.
I can tell you something that would be even better. Go to the boards where honest posting on these topics has been banned and ask that the discussions of these questions that were held at those boards in earlier days be reopened. The Bogleheads.org board is a wonderful place to have these discussions. The board is comprised primarily of Passives. So we are sure to get challenging questions there (obviously a good thing). But most who post at that board are smart as smart can be. So the discussions tend to be at a high level. And there are scores of regular posters there who possess a solid understanding of the benefits of valuation-informed strategies. So we will be hearing both sides effectively represented if the discussions are reopened there. Plus — we can get Bogle and Bernstein and Swedroe involved since they participate in the annual meetings. It’s a win/win/win/win/win.
The internet provides us the communications medium we need to get to the bottom of this. If there are any flaws to the VII strategy, there is no one who benefits more from learning about them than I do. But even those on the Passive side benefit from learning that there are flaws. If we were to learn that there were flaws, that would build up the confidence of the Passives a bit, obviously a good thing for those following that strategy. If VII passes all the tests, that’s obviously also a big benefit. That means that those now following a Passive approach can learn how to retire at least five years sooner by making one small common-sense change in their allocation strategy.
I have a calculator at my site that tells those who have lost huge amounts of money in the crash how to make it all back overnight (effectively). The historical data shows that a $100,000 portfolio following a VII strategy is likely to end up in 30 years ahead of a $150,000 portfolio following a Passive strategy. That means that, if you lost one-third of your assets in the crash, you can effectively be made whole just by making a switch to the valuation-informed strategy. Sound promising?
You don’t want to do this because some fellow on the internet says it is a good idea. You want to know what all the people at Bogleheads think and what all the people at Vanguard Diehards think and what all the people at Early Retirement Forum think and what all the smart blog owners think. Let’s discuss! Let’s learn together! Let’s retire early!
Is anyone able to imagine any possible downside?
Rob
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I was reacting to the posts on the links from Lindsay.
As to Mr. Bennett’s thesis, I find it impossible to understand why it is so controversial. I defy you to find any great investor [with a public record] that says that price doesn’t matter. Additionally, you might ask anyone that has retired in the last 5 years or has plans to retire in the next 10 based on their investing how the buy and holding of mutual funds has gone for them [including those that used asset allocation strategies]!
Check out the real data for mutual fund investors to see the real world results of this strategy!
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A quick look at the coffee house portfolio results tells me that $1,000 invested for the 17 years would end up at $3,418 on Dec. 31, 2008.
Compare this to an investor who says price is the most important thing, Warren Buffett. Over the same time period your $1,000 would be $9,050 using Mr. Buffett to do your investing for you.
Kinda puts things in perspective doesn’t it!
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“That is of course Mr. Bennett’s point.”
No.
“The obvious question to this late comer to the cat-fight is why the anger? name calling? etc. on both sides.”
THAT’S Mr. Bennett’s actual point!
That’s how passive-aggressive trolling works. There’s always some newbie like Dave who jumps into the middle of a long running feud and thinks that it’s the passive-aggressive troll who needs defending. That’s what makes it fun to watch.
Just don’t get sucked in!
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I defy you to find any great investor [with a public record] that says that price doesn’t matter.
There are none. Even the people who post abusively at the forum linked to above are willing (to their credit) to acknowledge that valuations affect long-term returns. This appears to me to be universally accepted.
as to Mr. Bennett’s thesis, I find it impossible to understand why it is so controversial.
I can point to four big factors at work here (I believe that there are more than four).
One is that I don’t post about valuation-informed strategies at boards at which only other people who already believe in valuation-informed strategies congregate. I usually post at places where there are large numbers of Passive Investors. I write for the average middle-class investor, not niche groups. Some of the Passives (not all or even most, but some) do not think that it is proper for anyone to come to a board where they are in the majority and question their basic investing principles. They liken it to a dog lover posting at a cat lover’s board. Or to an atheist posting at an fundamentalists board.
My view is that we need to question our own ideas to learn more about how to invest effectively. I don’t question people’s ideas to get them stirred up, but to help them learn (and to learn myself while doing it, to be sure). I believe that ideas that cannot stand up to civil and reasoned and friendly questioning are not worth holding.
A second big factor is that I do not just say that Valuation-Informed Indexing is right, I also say that Passive Indexing is wrong. I have seen some people get away with making a quiet case for taking valuations into account and not get bricks thrown at them. I say things more clearly and more directly and more firmly and more boldly. It’s harder to ignore my stuff.
Again, I don’t do that for the purpose of upsetting anyone. I do it because I think that stating things clearly is the best way to achieve clarifications of the issues involved. If Passive really cannot work, I want to know that and I want others to know it. If I am wrong, I want people to show me that I am wrong. If I am right, I want to be able to see clearly why that is so. I don’t see the benefit of saying things in a hazy, vague way (although I certainly see the benefit of saying things in a friendly, respectful, civil way).
A third thing is that I specifically said that the Old School retirement studies (which contain no adjustment for the effect of the valuations level that applies on the day the retirement begins) are analytically invalid. There are people in our community who have Old School studies or calculators at their site or who recommend the use of such studies or calculators in books they have written. These people tend to be popular posters because they have web sites of their own. These people have special influence and they have an intense desire to block discussions that would require them to make changes in their books or studies or calculators if they were permitted to continue.
I have always extended the hand of friendship to all those who have posted abusively. I have zero desire to be in a battle with anyone. But I believe that these questions are of great significance and that the important thing is to come up with the right answers. I’ll acknowledge to having been unyielding on the question of whether the aim should be to learn the right answers to the most important questions. I don’t apologize for that. I think that people need to know the right answers when their retirement money is at stake.
A fourth reason is that I am a big believer in exploring the implications of ideas. I don’t find the answer to one question and then stop. I keep going and going. Some wouldn’t object so much if I offered the opinion that valuations matter and then never did anything with the idea. I am always in the process of developing a new calculator or writing new articles or recording new podcasts. The dogmatists (most Passive Investing advocates are not dogmatists but a not-tiny number are) don’t want me around because they see that my constant development of new tools is going to cause them endless trouble in their efforts to keep “the troops” in line. Again, I offer no apologies. I am excited about the new ideas and I want to see them developed as much as is possible in as quick a time as possible. My motto is — More! Bigger! Better! Bolder! Some love that. Those who do not tend to develop more than a mild distaste for the Valuation-Informed Indexing project.
Rob
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“Additionally, you might ask anyone that has retired in the last 5 years or has plans to retire in the next 10 based on their investing how the buy and holding of mutual funds has gone for them [including those that used asset allocation strategies]!”
As you can see from the Coffeehouse Portfolio returns, an investor with that or similiarly diversified asset allocation portfolio has fared pretty well despite the vagaries of the market. And the sky has not fallen upon a prospective or current retiree with such a portfolio, especially if he or she has an appropriate allocation of bonds commensurate with their age. No investment strategy which includes stocks looks very good when viewed at the botoom of a market downturn. Both Rob’s S&P 500 timing strategy and any portfolio including stocks is counting on stocks appreciating over the the long term. And of course price matters. Rob thinks he can use PE10 to predict when to make buys and sells. Passive strategies use rebalancing to accomplish much the same thing. Rob believes his calculators prove his position is correct that timing the S&P 500 is the only rational way to invest; I disagree.
I must congratulate you, Mr. Shafer. From your web site I see your scam is much more honest and upfront than Rob’s. You seek money up front before you divulge your investment strategy. Rob trolls every personal finance discussion boards and blog he can find in his quest to gain fame and fortune promoting his nebulous investing scheme.
You two have fun in your respective endeavors!
Lyndon
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Rob thinks he can use PE10 to predict when to make buys and sells. Passive strategies use rebalancing to accomplish much the same thing.
This is really the entire debate summed up into a few words. Passive Indexing says that we should always stay at the same stock allocation (that’s the purpose of rebalancing). Valuation-Informed Indexing says that high stock allocations are more risky at times of high prices and that thus we should go with lower stock allocations at times of high prices.
No investment strategy which includes stocks looks very good when viewed at the bottom of a market downturn.
That’s a fair enough statement. But before the market downturn the Passives were saying that there is no need to consider alternatives because the recent returns for Passive had been so good.
Say that Valuation-Informed Indexing really is superior. When are we going to go to the trouble to have the discussions needed to find that out? If we cannot question Passive at times when it is sailing and we cannot question Passive at times when it is failing, when can we question it? How do we ever advance to something new if we cannot question the thing that is old?
I disagree.
This part is healthy and helpful.
I see your scam is much more honest and upfront than Rob’s.
This part is yucky.
Bill’s blog entry says that we need to be protected from Wall Street. What street is it that is responsible for this yucky junk? How do we get protection from [i]that[/i] street?
I don’t like to think that it is Passive Investing Street that is responsible for this sort of thing. But I don’t hear too many Passive Investing advocates speaking out in strong terms against it. That saddens me.
If it’s a choice of the two, I think I prefer Wall Street. I don’t applaud everything that comes from Wall Street. But I don’t recall hearing too many comments quite that low from Wall Street. I think that Passive Investing is an idea that started out sweet and that over the years has been transformed into something sometimes very sour.
Rob
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@Lyndon, seems you proved my point for me.
Ever read a book called “True Believer” by Eric Hoffer?
You might find it interesting……
@Carlyle, yes the strategy was first outlined by Ben Graham, Buffett’s mentor. But he suggested using it along the lines of what Mr. Bennett suggests. I don’t think that the coffee house portfolio and Mr. Bennet’s value-informed indexing is that far apart, which of course is the ironic thing looking at all the animosity generated.
Personally, I have found success investing along the lines of Buffett thoughts and hitching a ride on his company. But, of course that is not for everyone.
I’ll leave it for the true believers to attack me for that one!
Have a great weekend, happy investing!
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I don’t think that the coffee house portfolio and Mr. Bennet’s value-informed indexing is that far apart
I agree that the two approaches have much in common, Dave. I of course also think that taking valuations into consideration when setting your stock allocation is an important enhancement.
My view is that Bogle started a revolution in middle-class investing with his development of the indexing concept but that the first-draft version was not perfect in every particular. And that now we should be trying to fix what’s broken.
I think Buffett’s ideas are right on. But I think that most middle-class investors do not have the time or inclination to do the work needed to pick stocks effectively. I think of Valuation-Informed Indexing as a combination of Buffett’s best ideas with Bogle’s best ideas. You get both the value orientation of Buffett and the simplicity of Bogle. My motto is — Buffett and Bogle go together like chocolate and peanut butter!
Rob
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J.D. I noticed that you’ve had a run in with Rob on his blog. One thing you’ll soon learn if you haven’t already is that Rob doesn’t run an open blog. If you agree with him, praise him, or state a question in a way that he thinks is weak enough to totally refute, then your post will appear. Otherwise, not a chance. But if any blogger treats Rob the same way Rob treats his readers, he’ll complain about it like crazy and claim that that blog is a “corrupt enterprise”, has “banned honest posting”. etc. I see he’s already mentioned death threats over there. The reason he doesn’t provide a link to those is because he made them. Without a link you might ASSume it was the other way around.
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One thing you’ll soon learn if you haven’t already is that Rob doesn’t run an open blog.
The link at my name goes to my web site. At the left side of the page is a link to my blog (“A Rich Life”). I welcome comments representing all points of view on the topics explored at the blog. My favorite comments are the ones that make the case for Passive Investing. Why? Because I often make the case against Passive Investing and I believe that we need more comments coming from the other side to give the discussions balance.
I delete abusive comments because I feel so strongly about the benefit added by community interaction. I have found that abusive comments intimidate many community members. When things get too nasty, some of the best contributors take their leave of a community. I’d rather hear the contributions of those who care about the subject matter and about their fellow community members than the contributions of those who are not willing to go to the trouble to present their views in a civil and reasonable way. I often invite those who have had abusive comments deleted to take another stab at expressing their thoughts without running afoul of the community norms. I feel a little bad when they are not willing to do so. But not as bad as I would feel if the vast majority that is willing to abide by the community norms were to feel intimidated by the ugliness that I have seen put forward by those who are not when no efforts are made by site administrators to rein them in. I believe we owe it to all community members (including those with a temptation to post abusively) to enforce reasonable posting rules in a reasonable manner.
It is true that J.D. and I recently had a disagreement. It has since been resolved. During the site redesign here, I became unable to post comments on this thread for several days. I have been banned from numerous discussion boards for posting my honest beliefs about the flaws in the Passive Investing model. I wrongly jumped to the conclusion that J.D. had banned me and wrote that at my blog. I have obviously since learned that that was not the case. As soon as I learned of my mistake, I added an addendum to the blog entry reporting on the realities accurately. J.D. asked that I remove the sentences saying that he had banned me (he rightly believes that it is important to his reputation that he be known for permitting different viewpoints to be expressed here). I didn’t feel comfortable removing the original wording as I believe that people should be able to view the entire record when forming a personal take about the events that transpired (for example, people might want to take into consideration the fact that I made a mistake in this matter in forming an opinion as to whether I have made mistakes re other matters). I ended up adding language in bold noting the mistake immediately underneath the paragraph containing the mistake. J.D. has told me that he is now satisfied with how the matter has been handled.
J.D.’s handling of this thread shows me that he sees the value in allowing both sides of the Passive Investing topic to be heard. I believe that his handling of this thread may end up serving as a model for other blog owners faced with similar circumstances. One of the big problems that we are struggling with today is that Passive Investing became so popular for a time that it was virtually beyond criticism. I am working hard to change that and some of the comments that I put forward shock people who have neverbefore heard such points being made.
I want to stress that I have great respect and admiration and affection for those who developed and refined and promoted the Passive Investing concept for many years. Their insights have helped millions (including Rob Bennett, to be sure!). That said, I strongly believe that there were serious flaws in the first-draft effort and that we all need to be working hard to correct those flaws today. I encourage all who work in this field to develop a greater skepticism re claims that it is not necessary for investors to change their stock allocations in response to big price swings. But I also strongly oppose any thought that engaging in personal attacks is an appropriate way to go about the Learning Together project that we need to engage in. The Passive Investing advocates made some mistakes. Guess what? They’re human too. When you’re putting together your list of humans who have made big mistakes, it would be perfectly appropriate to put Rob Bennett’s name up near the top of your list (please witness the situation with J.D. described just above).
Bill Schultheis and J.D. Roth are both Passive Investing advocates. I am bound in conscience to say that I believe they are are making a mistake when they suggest that there is no need for middle-class investors to change their stock allocations in response to big price changes. I am also bound in conscience to report that I respect the work they have done in this field and bound in friendship to hope that it will be possible for me to work with both of them to over time make both the investing advice that they offer and the investing advice that I offer more effective. My hope is that I will be able to learn some things from them and that they will be able to learn some things from me. I’ve seen the interaction of different points of view produce great work before and it is magic when it happens (this is why I chose a swirling magic wand as the favicon for my site).
I don’t know everything. Bill doesn’t know everything. J.D. doesn’t know everything. I make mistakes. Bill makes mistakes. J.D. makes mistakes. Working together, I believe we can produce great advances. And I of course believe that this is so not just for us three but for the millions who are beginning to open up to the idea of reexamining some basic investing questions as a result of the economic crisis we are living through today.
There’s an article at the “Banned at Motley Fool!” section of the site that provides the background re the death threats. The article is entitled “Internet Harassment by ‘Defenders” of the Conventional Retirement Studies.” It sets forth the text of an e-mail that I sent to my congressman (Rep. Frank Wolf) re this matter.
Rob
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Bennett said: “There’s an article at the “Banned at Motley Fool!” section of the site that provides the background re the death threats.”
It also illustrates that there WERE not death threats to you. None.
However, the historical record does show death threats were authored BY you. Do you deny these two obvious facts?
I think it is important to know if the person who is allowed to expend so many column inches here is truthful or not. For instance, while he constantly insists Finance experts should “apologize” for some imaginary transgressions which only Bennett knows of, did you notice that Bennett completely failed to apologize (say three little words “I am sorry”) to J.D. over his ridiculous and ultimately incorrect tirade, that Bennett now admits belatedly was in error? No apology.
He claims *others* have made death threats, but is unable to provide evidence. Yet, evidence of his own death threats to innocent children is easily found on Google.
Bennett is simply not to be believed or trusted.
Read his own blog, and you will quickly see the signs of a disturbed mind; a man who needs mental help.
I wish he would seek it out.
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