Every so often (especially this time of year), someone writes to let me in on a secret. “J.D., did you know you don’t have to pay income taxes?” they’ll say. “It’s true! Income tax is illegal!”
I’ve never known how to respond to these folks. Now, I can just point them to the Tax Protester FAQ. This comprehensive collection of tax protester fallacies was put together by Pennsylvania attorney Daniel B. Evans. Evans says that there are two types of tax protesters:
- Those who refuse to pay taxes for religious/moral reasons.
- Those who refuse to pay taxes “out of a mistaken belief that the federal income tax is unconstitutional, invalid, voluntary, or otherwise does not apply to them under one of a number of bizarre arguments”.
His FAQ addresses the assertions made by the second set of people.
Here’s how Evans describes his mission:
The purpose of this FAQ is to provide concise, authoritative rebuttals to nonsense about the U.S. tax system that is frequently posted on web sites scattered throughout the Internet, by a variety of fanatics, idiots, charlatans, and dupes, frequently referred to by the courts as “tax protesters”.
[...]
In this FAQ, you will read many decisions of judges who refer to the views of tax protesters as “frivolous,” “ridiculous,” “absurd,” “preposterous,” or “gibberish.” If you don’t read a lot of judicial opinions, you may not understand the full weight of what it means when a judge calls an argument “frivolous” or “ridiculous.”
[...]
When a judge calls an argument “ridiculous” or “frivolous,” it is absolutely the worst thing the judge could say. It means that the person arguing the case has absolutely no idea of what he is doing, and has completely wasted everyone’s time. It doesn’t mean that the case wasn’t well argued, or that judge simply decided for the other side, it means that there was no other side. The argument was absolutely, positively, incompetent. The judge is not telling you that you that you were “wrong.” The judge is telling you that you are out of your mind.
This FAQ addresses only assertions that are frivolous, and only questions of law, not politics or economics. It is not the purpose of this FAQ to criticize any opinion, or stifle any debate, about the proper scope or operation of the federal tax system. For example, claims that the federal income tax is unfair, morally equivalent to theft, or bad economic policy are all matters of opinion, not law, and are outside the scope of this FAQ. However, a claim that the federal income tax is unconstitutional, unenforceable, or inapplicable is an assertion of law and is within the scope of this FAQ.
So, as I tried to do when I wrote my survey of the truth about taxes, Evans isn’t arguing whether the tax system is fair or unfair — he’s just trying to explain the law.
The Tax Protester FAQ addresses dozens of faulty anti-tax arguments, offering context and legal background for each rebuttal. Here are a few examples:
- The Internal Revenue Code is not a law.
- Wages are not income.
- The income tax is voluntary.
- If you don’t file a Form W-4, you can’t be taxed.
- The ever-popular “the income tax is illegal because the 16th Amendment wasn’t properly ratified” argument.
- And, perhaps my favorite: Is tax protesting a cult?
The Tax Protester FAQ is l-o-n-g and often dry. But if you’ve ever been fascinated by this topic (as I have), it’s well worth browsing. It gives a glimpse at how law works in the U.S., and shows the lengths some folks will go to escape paying taxes.
I know taxes suck. Nobody likes them, but they’re part of the price we pay to live in modern society. We wouldn’t have roads, bridges, schools, or law enforcement without them. And while I think we all should pay as little as we’re legally obligated, I think cheating on taxes is wrongheaded and unpatriotic.
Look, I have no problem with you complaining about taxes. That’s your right. Play by the rules; if you don’t like the rules, then work to change them. But don’t argue the rules don’t exist.
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This article is about Funny Money, Gurus, Taxes
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Very cute!
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You don’t HAVE to do anything, But you can end up in the state pen for a year if you don’t pay, like my uncle.
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I haven’t had such a good laugh in ages, thanks JD! On a serious note though, I think you have a good point that could be applied to many issues when you say:
“Look, I have no problem with you complaining about taxes. That’s your right. Play by the rules; if you don’t like the rules, then work to change them. But don’t argue the rules don’t exist.”
Nicely put.
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Hi,
I think the only way to not pay taxes is to have a G4 Visa: P is the only legal way
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As a financial crimes investigator with a law enforcement agency I see all too often the victim who falls prey to their own greed. This statement sounds like a real party stopper, but it’s golden, “if it sounds to good to be true, it probably is”. The same logic applies to taxes. Some how these folks manage to convince themselves that they have stumbled upon a golden nugget that allows them to voluntarily exempt themselves from taxation. All I can do is share our office motto, “life is hard, it’s even harder when your stupid”.
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No matter what the law says, what people agree is the correct reading of the law is how it is interpreted. Your screwball version of how the law should be applied to you is not valid (even if you are actually correct).
eg:
If everyone believes the Earth is flat, do you REALLY want to be the person that gets burned at the stake for saying the Earth is round ?
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Seriously? JD, you must get some ridiculous emails.
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Most people don’t have an issue with tax per se. However, at the point that you pay: income tax, capital gains tax, property tax, sales tax, real estate transfer taxes, hospitality taxes, “replacement taxes” (thank you Illinois!), AND …
You are expected to fund your own retirement AND …
You are expected to foot the bill for up to 50% of your health care insurance AND …
Public servants pay very little into their own pension funds, health care, and retire after 20 or 30 years of service.
THEN …
It appears we have reached the “jump the shark” moment.
Oh, and BTW – those with more means avoid paying taxes thru special vehicles designed by highly paid accounts.
The platitude “play by the rules” implies that there is one set of rules. Unfortunately, there are rules for “the other guy”, and rules for you (or me).
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“We wouldn’t have roads, bridges, schools, or law enforcement without [taxes].”
It is true that taxes currently do fund those services. But it does not follow that such services would not otherwise exist, absent taxation.
To show the absurdity of the reasoning, imagine a country with government-provided universal healthcare. It would be incorrect to say that we wouldn’t have healthcare without taxes.
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You can work under the table and not pay tax.
Barter and not pay tax.
Make money from passive income and pay less tax than getting a pay check.
That’s pretty much all I know on tax avoidance. I work at a company so my check already got tax deducted.
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Its interesting that the link on religious/moral reasons includes a reference to Social Security tax, since ministers and certain religious groups actually CAN opt out of paying SS tax.
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If you want to reduce your taxes just don’t work so hard. This method also gives you more free time and a twisted sort of satisfaction that you are somehow beating the system.
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@Greg
I am sympathetic to such frustration, but I think it’s often caused by over analyzing the situation. Speaking for myself, I’m able to consistently live a very fulfilling life and put money away for savings+retirement, even despite all this “jump the shark” stuff going on. I think a big part of that is my willingness to accept that the world isn’t perfect, and work with what’s there rather than wish things were different.
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Its kind of amazing how widespread these beliefs are, and among people who don’t seem the type. I worked for a dentist for several years who ascribed to the “taxes are unconstitutional” argument. He conducted as much of his business under the table as possible, and was constantly under investigation. He even gave the OSHA safety inspectors a hard time because he said they had no authority to enforce their rules. Believe it or not, he’s still in business many years later. This strikes me as the worst kind of selfishness, especially for a person who was earning well above the average person’s income.
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I have heard a lot about income tax not being legal. The argument goes, the law has been overturned by the Supreme Court.
Your link is the first one I have ever seen on the that responds to that particular problem. I kid you not, up until that link I had never seen a response to the Supreme Court saying, the 16th amendment gives them no new power to tax.
Reading the whole statement in context helps. lol.
Thanks for the info, J.D.! I really appreciate it. This has been something I have wondered about for a long time.
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I wonder if Wesley Snipes ever paid for the bad advice his accountant gave him that got him 3 yrs in jail for tax evasion.
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I agree that the income tax is completely constitutional and those it applies to must pay it. However, it doesn’t apply to the vast majority of us and the IRS likes to trick us by redefining (in USC 26 – The Internal Revenue Code) common words to mean something else.
For example, did you know that “employee” is redefined to “an officer, employee, or elected official of the United States, a State, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, or any agency or instrumentatlity of any one or more of the foregoing.” Basically it’s somebody who works for the government. The words “State”, “wages”, and “employer” are also redefined. Even “includes” is redefined. The above definite of “employee” is in section 3401(c) which is in Chapter 24 subtitle ‘C’ of the USC 26
I agree there is a lot of disinformation out there about the income tax, but don’t jump to any conclusions if you haven’t looked at the law yourself. Most people haven’t, and that includes accountants and even most IRS employees.
One man as spent the past 20 years researching the code and has written a book on it, and it’s not boring! I invite you to find out more and learn the truth about the income tax at http://www.incometaxtruth.com
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I’ve heard members of my wife’s family start talking about how the income tax is illegal – and how they found this great new book that they’re reading about how you don’t have to pay tax because it’s not law, etc. Whenever they start talking like that my ears just shut, and I always tell them to be careful – because as another commenter said, if it sounds too good to be true it probably is.
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@ Greg, that’s where the “work to change them” comes in.
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Good post. I just read about a couple that had joined the “we don’t have to pay taxes” bandwagon after making millions manufacturing and selling ceramic dolls. They had been living in a country that had no extradition arrangement with the US. As soon as they landed (they were visiting their kids) they were arrested and will end up spending years in jail AND will still owe the government a ton of money.
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Hilarious! America- we do have a plethora of ignorant people. We need a tax free island somewhere(i.e. Greenland) where all the tax nuts can go live and watch them develop a great society.
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I agree with this article, but I have wondered about one thing – how does one go about trying to change tax law? I have issues with many parts of tax law (taxing of scholarships, post doc income that’s not “earned”, and other things I’ve uncovered in my few short years). I tried writing congressman, but they don’t care. My knowledge of government isn’t very good. Who actually is in charge of the IRS???
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I am hugely resentful about my huge tax liability, but I would never say that I don’t owe taxes or that I shouldn’t have to pay my share. I do feel like by the time it is said and done: fed, state, county, city, sales tax, car tax other random taxes… it’s unreasonable. But, still, I pay! I am only tempted to cheat when I get paid a small check drawn off a local bank. Sometimes I am tempted to cash it and not claim. But… my husband is too honest for that. He won’t even let us deduct a home office because it doubles as a mancave/guest bedroom.
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“I know taxes suck. Nobody likes them, but they’re part of the price we pay to live in modern society. We wouldn’t have roads, bridges, schools, or law enforcement without them.”
I wonder how much of those services are really funded by the federal income tax. Isn’t a lot of the road and bridge maintenance paid for by fuel taxes? Aren’t most school systems funded by property taxes? I know law enforcement is heavily funded by the USG, despite questionable adherence to the Posse Comitatus Act.
Somehow I suspect all those services existed in the US prior to the implementation of a federal income tax. What didn’t exist prior were trillion dollar bailouts, global American hegemony, obscenely under-funded programs, and all the other goodies the federal government ostensibly “provides” with those tax dollars.
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@ Rick – I have read of (a few) people who recognize the legality of income taxes, but don’t feel for moral reasons that they should contribute to the things their taxes pay for (often the military/wars and welfare). They carefully track their income and earn just under the cutoff where they have zero federal and state income tax liability.
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I like the comments and the closing statement of working to change the system. I really don’t mind people who work to eliminate as many taxes as possible and expect no facilities or infrastructure. I also don’t mind the people who want to pay a lot of taxes and get a lot of government services. i think those are both fair minded positions. What is frustrating to me are the folks who want to pay no taxes and are the first to complain about a pothole in their drive to work.
Now I’m off to complete my 2010 tax return. Good reminder.
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apart from paying taxes, my biggest pet peeve is when it is argued that tax breaks have to be “paid for”
What the crap?! It’s one thing to levy taxes to fund government services, it’s another to abrogate all of me income, and then magnanimously allow me to keep some of it. It’s my money first!
And another thing! Why if I’m late making a tax payment, the government tacks on interest, but if the government is late in giving you your refund, NO interest! Stop playing games government!!
I could go on and on with the complaints!
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Re comment #17: I was wondering when it would be time to break out the tinfoil party hats. The FAQ addresses your point about who is or isn’t an “employee”, and gives an extensive list of court decisions using adjectives like “preposterous”, “meritless” and “frivolous” to describe it:
http://evans-legal.com/dan/tpfaq.html#government
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If we look at the development levels of countries, highly developed ones are able to extract taxes effectively. There are many arguments in political science circles that civilization rose on the back of effective taxation. Governments today that do not effectively tax their citizens generally aren’t places that we would want to live. So all the to say, I would rather pay income tax than the alternative! I just ask that the money is spent prudently.
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sorry… duplicate post
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Re comment #17: The FAQ also mentions the author of the ‘carefully researched book’ about income taxes –
http://tpgurus.wikidot.com/david-champion – The list of court decisions also seem to suggest that Mr Champion has not been hugely successful in his quest to prevent the government from collecting his back taxes.
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To Andrew L’s comment about the government not paying interest on owed refunds, actually, they do, and the rate is quite nice. I was owed the $8000 first time home buyers credit, had filed an amendment in April 2009 since I bought in early April and you could claim it for the previous year. Amended tax returns take FOREVER, they kept asking for more information from me, finally, in January of 2010 I get a check for $8229, the government paid me $229 in interest since the time of the original claim because they took so long. $229 for 8 months on $8000 is more than 4% annual interest rate, try getting that anywhere else right now! On the downside, the IRS did send me a 1099 for the interested they paid me, so I will be paying taxes on this interest income for 2010
.
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Thanks for passing this along, JD.
In my profession, “frivolous” is definitely the f-word when dealing with the IRS. It can get you into lots of trouble.
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10 – Bartering won’t help you escape the tax man. Though more difficult for the IRS to track, the law requires you to report the value of goods or services received in the barter exchange and pay taxes on that.
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17 – You clearly don’t read laws very often. Almost every new act passed on a federal or state level begins with a lengthy section defining terms used in the legislation. This is not to “redefine” the English language. Rather, it is to say that “for the purposes of this law, this is what we mean” so that later on people don’t try to claim they’re not an “employee” under the statute. Go to your state code website and click a few links. Whether it’s a criminal law dealing with homicide, your state’s business partnership act, or the law governing dog catchers, it will begin with a section defining everything from “murder” to “partner” to “dog.”
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4 – A G4 visa has nothing to do with taxes. It’s a visa status reserved for foreign nationals in the United States as representatives of an international organization such as the United Nations. Visa status does not define one’s tax liability.
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With respect to the gas tax, it comes nowhere near raising the kind of money needed to fund the various highway and infrastructure projects it was originally intended to fund. The DenverUrbanism blog has a good write-up about the fuel tax:
http://denverurbanism.com/2010/11/why-the-federal-gas-tax-isnt-covering-our-needs.html
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I don’t know about 2010, but 2009 Americans paid the least taxes in the past 60 years, one of the least for G9 countries. Says we pay approximately 9.4% of income on taxes.
I don’t understand why the same people freaking out about the deficit are the same people who are screaming about too high of taxes, it’s a simple mathematical problem.
http://www.upi.com/Business_News/2010/05/11/US-tax-burden-at-lowest-point-in-years/UPI-74091273594893/
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I think it is funny how people think that they can not pay taxes. I’m not going to say I like to pay them, but I agree with JD, it is not patriotic. Also, if you do not vote and you want to argue about taxes, you have no right in any way because that’s the only way to change them.
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I think some people just want so badly to believe they don’t need to pay taxes that they’re willing to believe even the strangest and most unbelievable excuses.
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@Avenger2354
I don’t mean to specifically call you out or insult you as it was likely the easy oversight of typing a fast comment on a blog but I found it ironic the motto of your office was, “life is hard, it’s even harder when your stupid” — and “your” is spelled wrong (i.e., you’re)
Sorry to detract from the conversation…
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Thanks for this JD. I’ve always paid my taxes and am a firm believer in the quote about death and taxes but my husband is very far behind. We’ve filed for all the years he missed and (not suprisingly he owes quite a bit). Calling the IRS isn’t very helpful as you always talk to someone different each time and often one will say one thing and then when we call back the new person will contradict the old statement. Does anyone know how to find someone reputable in the LA area to help sort all this out without charging even more money that we don’t have? We want to pay this debt — we just need a reasonable payment plan and help getting everything together.
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@32 treousa Hah yeah I had gotten one of those 1099s too, though I didn’t realize I had gotten the interest in the first place, so I was pretty confused (since I had just gotten a direct deposit, and once I saw the amount was generally correct, never tallied the dollars and cents).
@27 Andrew L
Actually the whole ‘pay for tax breaks’ thing is meaning that when the government takes a reduction in it’s income (e.g. giving out tax breaks), they should also be spending less. It’s not that you need to do the ‘paying for’ it’s that they need to keep their books balanced, just like how we say people shouldn’t be spending beyond their means (means in the government’s case is their tax revenue).
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The IRS and the government has the guns and they will make your life a living hell if you don’t pay your taxes. Take all the deductions you can possibly get and get on with your life; it’s just not worth the risk.
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(41) Pete – What can I do but laugh. Maybe that is why life has felt hard lately…
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“Pay your fair share” is difficult when interpretation of the tax code is as complex as it is.
And I have a hard time with the phrase “Pay for a tax break” for a completely different reason than the previous poster. The arguement is simplistic to the point of being useless. If you raise/lower taxes by 10% it doesn’t mean you will be collecting 10% more or less. There are often decision points where one makes a decision to work or not, invest or not, buy, sell, etc. People are happy to work to put 10% into government coffers, but will just stay home and live off the garden if the tax rate is 90%. The arguement is over the location of the sweet spot. And with marginal rates that gets very complicated.
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What I find amusing is that if you call the IRS for help, following the advice you were given by an agent of the IRS is not a legal defense should you be charged with evasion.
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“We wouldn’t have roads, bridges, schools, or law enforcement without them.” (taxes)
That statement is patently false.
There are a lot of people who care so much about their children’s education that, not only do they pay taxes to send other children to school, but they also pay to send their children to a private school that does not receive money from the government. Most of these people in my area are not rich, either. We may not have UNIVERSAL education in a form you find acceptable, but that’s considerably different than what you wrote.
If taxes alone pay for roads, there should be no toll roads.
etc., etc.
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The first week at my first job I met a vendor who bragged how he earned thousands of dollars a month breeding dogs, tax-free.
What do you think happened to him?
If you’re not going to pay taxes on your all-cash side income, don’t tell anyone else about it!
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Wish I’d seen this sooner.
Quote: Public servants pay very little into their own pension funds, health care, and retire after 20 or 30 years of service.
Really? In NJ, public servants fund their own retirement plans.
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