You've pulled yourself out of debt, are saving a reasonable amount of income for your retirement, have built an emergency fund, and your daily needs are easily met with your income. Congratulations! Now what?

That's exactly where I was in 2007. I sold my business and generated a huge windfall — over a million dollars. I paid off all my debt. And then I looked around and said, "Oh, crap."

I had absolutely no idea what to do with my money. Previously, any extra money I'd earned was immediately stuffed back into my business, and I had been running deficits nearly everywhere. This was the first time in my adult life I'd ever had my head above water, financially speaking. Continue reading...

I don't know about Get Rich Slowly readers, but I can tell you that the majority of Motley Fool readers are guys, and that's true of most financial publications.

That men are more likely to be consumers of investment information could explain the gender gap in financial literacy — especially among older Americans — that some studies have uncovered. I don't mean to demean the better-smelling sex; in fact, some studies have found women deliver better investment returns than men do. But the deficit in financial literacy is especially troubling given the other challenges women face in retirement planning. Some of these challenges are faced by all women, while others pose particular problems for women who are or were married, especially if they put their careers on hold to raise a family.

The Troubling Statistics
Here are some stats to put it in perspective:

Whether through recent news articles or over the water cooler, you've probably heard something about reverse mortgages. But if you (or a loved one) is considering this type of loan, don't base your opinion on hearsay. For such a major financial decision, it's worth getting the facts about reverse mortgages. This type of mortgage can actually be a valuable option for people in the right circumstances and who understand the terms of the deal.

Reverse mortgages convert home-equity into cash
What is a reverse mortgage? If you own a home and are 62 or older, a reverse mortgage is a way to convert some of your home equity into cash. Rather than make monthly payments to your lender, your lender is making payments to you. The money you borrow through a reverse mortgage is paid back, with interest, when you move out of your home, sell your home, or die.

The older you are and the more valuable your home, the lower the interest rate you can get in a reverse mortgage — meaning you can borrow more money. Continue reading...

Starting a Roth IRA is one of the easiest — and best — steps you can take to save for retirement. But you should understand the Roth IRA rules before investing in them.

I know I've written a lot about the Roth IRA in the past, but I still get questions all the time. People find them intimidating. For example, Lynn wrote last week:

I'm a 36-year-old single mother of two. I want to start investing for my future, but I am so overwhelmed by all the information. I was wondering if you could give me some advice on my best options for a Roth IRA. I am a school teacher and earn $41,000 per year.

Whether you should halt your retirement contributions in order to focus debt is one of the most heavily debated dilemmas in personal finance.

Unlike "spend less than you earn" or "track every penny you spend", there's no cookie-cutter answer to this question. Variables such as age, career, risk tolerance, and even personality type make each individual situation unique.

You'll Never Win a Race Against High-Interest Debt

Regardless of your personal situation, there are very few circumstances where high-interest debt should not be the top priority. What's high interest? Well, that's another fun question to debate. For the purpose of this article, we'll assume a broad range of anything in excess of 8-12%.

One of the oldest rules of personal finance is the simple admonition to pay yourself first. All the money books tell you to do it. All the personal finance blogs say it, too. Even your parents have given you the same advice.

But it's hard. That money could be used someplace else. You could pay the phone bill, could pay down debt, could buy a new DVD player. You've tried once or twice in the past, but it's so easy to forget. You don't keep a budget, so when payday rolls around, the money just finds its way elsewhere.

And besides: What does "pay yourself first" even mean?

With the S&P 500 still down more than a third from its 2007 high, we're all a little unsure about our retirement plans these days. So it's time for some good old-fashioned elbow grease. A little effort now should make for a lifetime of security and peace of mind. And the first step is to run your numbers through financial calculators to estimate whether you'll have enough saved to kiss the boss goodbye. (Metaphorically, of course.)

The calculators' answers are important information. But what's even more useful is changing the variables to see what most improves your chances for success. A retirement plan has a lot of moving parts — how much you save, where you live, when you start taking Social Security benefits — and some decisions will have a bigger effect on your nest egg than others.

The factors that have the biggest impact on a retirement plan vary from person to person. But to demonstrate how you can fiddle with your factors to analyze your own plan, let's examine the retirement prospects of a hypothetical worker — whom we'll call Hilda, as I'm a sucker for good German names — and see how dialing her numbers one way or the other changes her projected retirement income. Here are Hilda's particulars:

I don't want to dump on your boss. She/he/it gives you a job (assuming you still have one). Besides a paycheck, you also get some benefits. One perk might be a retirement plan such as a 401(k). Your boss doesn't have to do that; in fact, it would be easier on her/him/it if there were no plan, since such things cost money, take up time, and expose the company to lawsuits.

So I want to start by commending your company for sponsoring a plan.

That said, there's been a disturbing trend over the past several years: Companies are shifting more of the cost of the plan onto their employees, and not necessarily being up front about it. One of the brave souls exposing this practice is David Loeper, a certified investment management analyst and the author of Stop the 401(k) Rip-Off.

In my last post, I explained why your financial time horizon may be longer than you think, since you may be investing well into your 90s. The discussion was in the context of retirement, but in response to the article, reader kk brought up some excellent points, which I'll summarize thusly:

What if you scrimp and save your whole life and then die in your 50s or 60s (as happened to kk's parents)? Plus, retirement isn't the only financial goal, especially since "retirement" will mean different things to different people.

These are all very important ponderables. In fact, even though I'm the retirement-planning guy at The Motley Fool, I have a confession to make: I don't plan to retire. I think I would be like many of the ex-retirees I've met through the years; I'd find unlimited free time fun for a while, but after a while, I'd get kinda bored.

A couple of weeks ago, I spoke to a group of elementary-school teachers about their 403(b) plan (the 401(k) equivalent for non-profit employers, in case you didn't know). Like most investors, they were a bit shell-shocked over what's happened over the past 20 months or so.

Many asked whether they should be contributing to their retirement accounts at all, given that the S&P 500 is still down approximately 40% from its October 2007 high, even after the rally we've seen since early March. It's understandable. By some metrics, the past decade has been even worse than what happened during the Great Depression.

My answer was, yes, you should still contribute to your retirement accounts. The tax breaks are just too good to pass up. Money you contribute to a traditional 401(k) or 403(b) reduces your taxable income, so it's essentially a tax deduction. Plus, you don't pay taxes on any interest, dividends, or gains until you withdraw the money in retirement. That's known as tax-deferred growth, and ends up providing more money in retirement.